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Journal ArticleDOI

The CEA/BARC collaboration on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the collaboration between the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CEA) and the Indian Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination.
Abstract: This paper presents the collaboration between the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CEA) and the Indian Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination. The joint RD and (b) extraction of valuable materials from the concentrated brine rejected by water plants. The results achieved during phase I of the collaboration include the development, implementation and partial validation of models describing the behaviour of multi-effect evaporators (MEE) equipped with a mechanical vapour compression device (MVC), the assessment of the influence of the feed water properties on the performance of the reverse osmosis (RO) process and the identification of methods and protocols for the extraction of valuable materials from brine reject. This effort will continue during phase II of the project with a particular emphasis on model extension, validation and application.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview on present seawater desalination capacities by region, a synopsis of the key environmental concerns of desalification, including ways of mitigating the impacts on the environment, and of avoiding some of the dangers of the environment to Desalination.

864 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the three thermal desalination processes are discussed with focus on design, energy, and economic aspects, including performance ratio, specific heat transfer area, and system dimensions.

160 citations


"The CEA/BARC collaboration on the u..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The MVC technology is suitable for production capacities less than 5000 m per day, requires only electricity and consumes 10 to 14 kW h m (Alsahali and Ettouney, 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarise first results of review and research on the possible extraction of uranium from the concentrated brine rejected by integrated nuclear desalination systems, which both partners are currently developing in the two organisations.

115 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the environmental issues related to desalination can be found in this paper, where the authors provide an overview of some of the major environmental concerns in the context of water intake structures and concentrate management.
Abstract: Environmental issues related to desalination are a major factor in the design and implementation of desalination technologies. An acceptable desalination plant is expected to meet environmental regulations; be cost-effective in terms of construction, operation and management, as well as the costs associated with monitoring and permit fees. Some major environmental concerns include issues related to location of desalination plants and water intake structures, and concentrate management and disposal. This chapter provides an overview of the environmental issues related to desalination.

115 citations


"The CEA/BARC collaboration on the u..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This is also the case for the USA where 48% of the desalination facilities dispose their concentrate to surface waters (Younos, 2005)....

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  • ...Brine disposal methods include (Younos, 2005) surface disposal (surface water disposal and submerged disposal), disposal to front of wastewater treatment plant, disposal to end of wastewater treatment plant, land application, deep well injection, evaporation ponds, zero liquid discharge, brine concentrators, etc....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a steady state mathematical model of the ME-TVC desalination system is developed in this paper using Engineering Equations Solver (EES) to evaluate the model system performance.

100 citations


"The CEA/BARC collaboration on the u..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Very recently, in 2009, Amer used Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to evaluate system performance, and MATLAB to identify the optimum operating and design conditions (Amer, 2009)....

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  • ...It has a high gain output ratio (GOR) – up to 16 – and can produce up to 35,000 m per day of desalinated water (Amer, 2009)....

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