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The Clinical Psychiatry of Late Life

01 Jan 1965-
About: The article was published on 1965-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 84 citations till now.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.

76,181 citations

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The Mini-Mental State (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a simplified version of the standard WAIS with eleven questions and requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely.
Abstract: EXAMINATION of the mental state is essential in evaluating psychiatric patients.1 Many investigators have added quantitative assessment of cognitive performance to the standard examination, and have documented reliability and validity of the several “clinical tests of the sensorium”.2*3 The available batteries are lengthy. For example, WITHERS and HINTON’S test includes 33 questions and requires about 30 min to administer and score. The standard WAIS requires even more time. However, elderly patients, particularly those with delirium or dementia syndromes, cooperate well only for short periods.4 Therefore, we devised a simplified, scored form of the cognitive mental status examination, the “Mini-Mental State” (MMS) which includes eleven questions, requires only 5-10 min to administer, and is therefore practical to use serially and routinely. It is “mini” because it concentrates only on the cognitive aspects of mental functions, and excludes questions concerning mood, abnormal mental experiences and the form of thinking. But within the cognitive realm it is thorough. We have documented the validity and reliability of the MMS when given to 206 patients with dementia syndromes, affective disorder, affective disorder with cognitive impairment “pseudodementia”5T6), mania, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and in 63 normal subjects.

70,887 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The brain scans from 50 cases of proven dementia in old age were examined and various features objectively assessed, and compared with similar features in a group of non-demented (controls) old people.

1,853 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the available evidence supports poststroke depression as being multifactorial in origin and consistent with the biopsychosocial model of mental illness.

454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Critical review of the studies on which this conclusion is based indicate that this figure is inflated, and this assertion needs to be put to rigorous examination.

329 citations