Journal ArticleDOI
The Computation of Diffraction Patterns in the Presence of Aberrations
H.H. Hopkins,Maria J. Yzuel +1 more
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TLDR
The diffraction integral for the disturbance produced in the image plane normal to the optical axis by an extra-axial pencil has been shown to lead to a Fourier transform provided the exit pupil surface is taken to be that of the reference sphere as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
The diffraction integral for the disturbance produced in the image plane normal to the optical axis by an extra-axial pencil has been shown to lead to a Fourier transform provided the exit pupil surface is taken to be that of the reference sphere. It has been shown also that, except for small aperture and field sizes, the effect on the wave-front aberration of a shift of the image plane is not represented with sufficient accuracy merely by a term proportional to the aperture squared. Both of these results have been respected in formulating a numerical technique for the calculation of point spread functions. The diffraction integral is evaluated in polar coordinates, and is such that no error is made in approximating the domain of the exit pupil in cases where this may be represented by an ellipse. A study of the accuracy obtained has shown that, if each quadrant of the pupil is divided into a 20 × 20 mesh of elementary areas, the error in the intensity is not expected to exceed 0·8 per cent of the intensi...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diffraction theory of laser read-out systems for optical video discs
TL;DR: In this paper, a laser beam is focused on the track by means of a high-aperture objective, and the light which is scattered back through the objective is detected.
Journal ArticleDOI
The depth-of-field of the human eye from objective and subjective measurements.
TL;DR: Objective and subjective measurements of DOF are only slightly affected by pupil size, wavelength and spectral composition, which allows us to evaluate the role of ocular aberrations and Stiles-Crawford effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser Ray Tracing versus Hartmann-Shack sensor for measuring optical aberrations in the human eye.
TL;DR: A comparison and validation study of Laser Ray Tracing and Hartmann-Shack wave-front-sensor methods was carried out on both artificial and human eyes, finding a close match between the resulting aberration coefficients and also between the standard errors for two normal subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic diffraction of light focused through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices: structure of the electromagnetic field. I
TL;DR: Torok et al. as mentioned in this paper considered the electromagnetic diffraction occurring when light is focused by a lens without spherical aberration through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diffraction by a circular aperture as a model for three-dimensional optical microscopy
TL;DR: In this article, a new formulation for off-axis focal points is introduced that has the desirable properties of increased accuracy for larger field angles, invariance to shifts of the focal point about spheres of constant radius when the detection point is on the sphere for both intensity and amplitude fields, and invariance for shifts in three transformed coordinates for intensity fields.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Numerical Evaluation of the Frequency Response of Optical Systems
TL;DR: A die for use in a food chopper downstream of the coarse-cut die is formed with an array of like small-diameter holes and on each of its faces with an arrays of grooves having a width substantially greater than the diameter of the through-going holes extending at an angle to the blade which sweeps over the upstream face of this die.
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Dependence of the Strehl Ratio on the Magnitude of the Variance of the Wave Aberration
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the Strehl ratio of a fine-correction system should exceed 0.5, which is a necessary condition to be satisfied for the system to have a good image quality.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Approximation of Vignetted Pupil Shape by an Ellipse
TL;DR: It has been found that, for extraaxial pencils, the periphery of the vignetted pupil shape may be represented by an ellipse with good approximation, and a computer program is described which first determines the rim rays and then fits the ray coordinates to anEllipse by the method of least squares.