The consolidation of concentrated suspensions. Part 1.—The theory of sedimentation
01 Jan 1987-Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 83, Iss: 3, pp 873-891
TL;DR: In this paper, the concentration or consolidation of suspensions of fine particles under the influence of a gravitational field has been analyzed and a constitutive equation is suggested for irreversibly flocculated suspensions undergoing consolidation which embodies the concept of a concentration-dependent yield stress Py(ϕ).
Abstract: The concentration or consolidation of suspensions of fine particles under the influence of a gravitational field has been analysed. The rate and extent of consolidation depends upon a balance of three forces, the gravitational driving force, the viscous drag force associated with flow of liquid in the sediment and a particle or network stress developed as a result of direct particle–particle interactions. In the case of colloidally stable suspensions, this particle stress is the osmotic pressure of the particles; in the case of flocculated or coagulated suspensions, it is the elastic stress developed in the network of particles. A constitutive equation is suggested for irreversibly flocculated suspensions undergoing consolidation which embodies the concept of a concentration-dependent yield stress Py(ϕ). This is then used to analyse the sedimentation behaviour of flocculated sediments and to derive expressions for the initial sedimentation rate. The initial rate of change of sediment height with time in a uniform gravitational or centrifugal field is given approximately by: [graphic ommitted] where B=Δρgϕ0H0/Py(ϕ0), u0 is the sedimentation rate of an isolated particle, ϕ0 is the initial (uniform) volume fraction of solids, r(ϕ0) is a dimensionless hydrodynamic interaction parameter, Δρ is the difference in density between solid and liquid, g is the gravitational or centrifugal acceleration and H0 is the initial sediment height. The theory accounts correctly for the equilibrium consolidation behaviour of strongly flocculated suspensions, and preliminary experimental data suggest that it is not inconsistent with their dynamic behaviour. The estimation of the yield stress Py(ϕ) from a batch centrifuge experiment is also described.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of colloidal processing of ceramics is presented with an emphasis on interparticle forces, suspension rheology, consolidation techniques, and drying behavior.
Abstract: Colloidal processing of ceramics is reviewed with an emphasis on interparticle forces, suspension rheology, consolidation techniques, and drying behavior. Particular attention is given to the scientific concepts that underpin the fabrication of particulate-derived ceramic components. The complex interplay between suspension stability and its structural evolution during colloidal processing is highlighted.
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TL;DR: In this paper, physical conditioners, such as polyelectrolyte, the physical conditioner and sludge colloids may lead to the formation of a homogeneous mixture of the solids with strong and porous structure.
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TL;DR: In this article, the design and operation of flocculation processes are discussed in the context of specific requirements of dewatering systems such as sedimentation and filtration, where chemical conditions, reagent selection and process operating conditions are evaluated based on the fundamental mechanisms involved in particle destabilization and floc development.
251 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a yield stress based mixture design approach for 3D printable concretes was presented, where the mixtures were evaluated based on buildability, extrudability, robustness and tests for structural build-up.
Abstract: The current study deals with a yield stress based mixture design approach for 3D printable concretes. The mixtures were evaluated based on buildability, extrudability, robustness and tests for structural build-up. For the print parameters (such as pump type, nozzle size and extrusion velocity) used in the study, it was found that both extrudability and buildability could be achieved only when the material yield stress was within a range of 1.5–2.5 kPa. Below this range, the material lacked enough strength to achieve shape stability, while above this range, the extrudabilty of the material was difficult. The robustness of the mixtures was quantified in terms of a variability factor defined in terms of the variation in yield stress with small changes in the superplasticizer dosage. Inclusion of 10% of silica fume, 0.1% of viscosity modifying agent (VMA) and 0.1–0.3% addition of nanoclay resulted in decreasing the variability factor, hence improving the robustness. The structural changes due to thixotropy and cement hydration increased the yield stress with time. This structural build-up was assessed by measuring the yield stress with increasing rest duration. The mixture with silica fume showed the maximum structural build-up while the mixture with VMA showed the least. Heat curves from semi-adiabatic calorimetry and penetration curves were also used to assess the structural build-up. They showed a similar trend to that of the yield stress vs time plots.
222 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the consolidation behavior of flocculated alumina suspensions has been analyzed as a function of the interparticle energy, and it has been shown that strongly attractive interactions result in a particle network which resists consolidation and shows compressible behavior over a large stress range.
Abstract: The consolidation behavior of flocculated alumina suspensions has been analyzed as a function of the interparticle energy. Consolidation was performed by a centrifugal force field or by gravity, and both the time-dependent and equilibrium density profiles were measured by a gamma-ray absorption technique. The interparicle energy at contact was controlled by adsorbing fatty acids of varying molecular weight at the alumina/decalin interface. We found that strongly attractive interactions result in a particle network which resists consolidation and shows compressible behavior over a large stress range. The most weakly flocculated suspension showed an essentially incompressible, homogeneous density profile after consolidation at different centrifugal speeds. We also found a significant variation in the maximum volume fraction, φm, obtained, with φm∼ 0.54 for the most strongly flocculated suspension to φm∼ 0.63 for the most weakly flocculated suspension. The compresive yield stresses show a behavior which can be fitted to a modified power law. In this paper, we discuss possible correlations between the fitting parameters and physical properties of the flocculated suspensions.
194 citations