The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Policy Decision-Making for a Vulnerable Population

doi:10.18584/IIPJ.2020.11.3.10859

Home
/
Papers
/
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Policy Decision-Making for a Vulnerable Population

Journal Article•DOI•

The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Policy Decision-Making for a Vulnerable Population

Nicholas D Spence¹, Vivian Chau, Maryam S. Farvid², Jerry P. White³, Paranthaman Rasalingam¹, Lawrence C. Loh¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

University of Toronto¹, Harvard University², University of Western Ontario³

01 Oct 2020-International Indigenous Policy Journal (University of Western Ontario, Western Libraries)-Vol. 11, Iss: 3, pp 1-37

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the importance of moving beyond individual-level risk factors associated with COVID-19 by identifying and classifying Indigenous communities most vulnerable to the pandemic.

read less

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted society. Vulnerable populations are at heightened risk for exposure, as well as adverse health and social consequences. Policymakers are operating under difficult circumstances, making crucial policy decisions to maximize impact and mitigate harm, with limited scientific evidence. This article examines the pronounced vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples in Canada to the pandemic. We highlight the importance of moving beyond individual-level risk factors associated with COVID-19 by identifying and classifying Indigenous communities most vulnerable to the pandemic. We propose the use of a social diagnostic tool, the Community Well-Being Index, rooted in the social determinants of health, to predict community vulnerability and potentially guide policy decision-making in the fight against COVID-19.

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

COVID-19 Dashboard

[...]

Ryan Trimble

10 Mar 2020

2,024 citations

Journal Article•

Aboriginal Health in Canada: Historical, Cultural, and Epidemiological Perspectives.

[...]

Vincent F. Tookenay

15 Aug 1996-Canadian Medical Association Journal

174 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Aboriginal Conditions: Research as a Foundation for Public Policy

[...]

Shauna Wilton

01 Mar 2006-Canadian Journal of Political Science

TL;DR: Aboriginal Conditions: Research as a Foundation for Public Policy, the authors, brings together researchers and policy makers in an attempt to provide an empirical foundation for building better policy and better communities for Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Aboriginal Conditions: Research as a Foundation for Public Policy , Jerry P. White, Paul S. Maxim and Dan Beavon, eds., Vancouver: UBC Press, 2003, pp. 285. The situation of Aboriginal people in Canada deserves close attention from academic researchers and policy makers. While it is important to explore the larger questions of self-government, sovereignty, and land claims, it is also necessary to conduct research based on the current reality of Aboriginals in order to develop relevant and effective strategies. This collected volume of essays brings together researchers and policy makers in an attempt to provide an empirical foundation for building better policy and better communities for Aboriginal peoples in Canada. The research itself is structured around two central questions: What is the situation? How has it developed? The effort to answer these questions provides a substantial basis for future development and initiatives.

...read moreread less

22 citations

The Community Well-being Index (CWB): Well-being in First Nations Communities, Present, Past, and Future1

[...]

Erin O'Sullivan, Mindy McHardy

01 Jan 2008

19 citations

Book Chapter•DOI•

Theories of Social Inequality

[...]

Robert J. Holton

01 Jan 2014

3 citations

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.

[...]

Wei-jie Guan¹, Zhengyi Ni¹, Yu Hu¹, Wenhua Liang¹, Chun-Quan Ou¹, Jianxing He¹, Lei Liu¹, Hong Shan¹, Chunliang Lei¹, David S.C. Hui¹, Bin Du¹, Lanjuan Li¹, Guang Zeng¹, Kowk-Yung Yuen¹, Ruchong Chen¹, Chun-Li Tang¹, Tao Wang¹, Ping-Yan Chen¹, Jie Xiang¹, Shiyue Li¹, Jinlin Wang¹, Zi-jing Liang¹, Yi-xiang Peng¹, Li Wei¹, Yong Liu¹, Ya-hua Hu¹, Peng Peng¹, Jian-ming Wang¹, Ji-yang Liu¹, Zhong Chen¹, Gang Li¹, Zhi-jian Zheng¹, Shao-qin Qiu¹, Jie Luo¹, Chang-jiang Ye¹, Shao-yong Zhu¹, Nanshan Zhong¹ - Show less +33 more•Institutions (1)

Guangzhou Medical University¹

28 Feb 2020-The New England Journal of Medicine

TL;DR: During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness, and patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of...

...read moreread less

22,622 citations

"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Po..." refers background in this paper

...However, the risk for disease severity is higher for individuals with existing health conditions (Guan et al., 2020)....
[...]
...A study describing clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in China cited the use of IV antibiotic treatment oseltamivir to manage influenza-like symptoms, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation for severe cases (Guan et al., 2020)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.

[...]

Qun Li¹, Xuhua Guan¹, Peng Wu², Xiaoye Wang¹, Lei Zhou¹, Yeqing Tong¹, Ruiqi Ren¹, Kathy Leung², Eric H. Y. Lau², Jessica Y. Wong², Xuesen Xing¹, Nijuan Xiang¹, Yang Wu¹, Chao Li¹, Chen Qi¹, Dan Li¹, Tian Liu¹, Jing Zhao¹, Man Liu¹, Wenxiao Tu¹, Chuding Chen¹, Lianmei Jin¹, Rui Yang¹, Qi Wang¹, Suhua Zhou¹, Rui Wang¹, Hui Liu¹, Yingbo Luo¹, Yuan Liu¹, Ge Shao¹, Huan Li¹, Zhongfa Tao¹, Yang Yang³, Yang Yang⁴, Zhiqiang Deng⁵, Boxi Liu⁵, Zhitao Ma⁵, Yanping Zhang¹, Guoqing Shi¹, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam², Joseph T. Wu², George F. Gao¹, George F. Gao⁶, Benjamin J. Cowling², Bo Yang⁵, Gabriel M. Leung², Zijian Feng¹ - Show less +43 more•Institutions (6)

Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention¹, University of Hong Kong², Shenzhen University³, Southern University of Science and Technology⁴, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention⁵, Chinese Academy of Sciences⁶

29 Jan 2020-The New England Journal of Medicine

TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the...

...read moreread less

13,101 citations

"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Po..." refers background in this paper

...In December 2019, human-to-human transmission was reported (Cowling & Leung, 2020; Li et al., 2020)....
[...]
...These include quarantining individuals with possible exposure to COVID-19 for 14 days, practicing physical distancing, and community-wide containment (Li et al., 2020; Wilder-Smith & Freedman, 2020)....
[...]
...Risk Mitigation Strategies to mitigate risk of infection focus on reducing human-to-human transmission (Li et al., 2020; Wilder-Smith & Freedman, 2020)....
[...]
...Strategies to mitigate risk of infection focus on reducing human-to-human transmission (Li et al., 2020; Wilder-Smith & Freedman, 2020)....
[...]
...Early COVID-19 cases were linked to a live animal and seafood market, called the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in China, with possible environmental and/or animal exposures as the source of disease (Li et al., 2020)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1.

[...]

Neeltje van Doremalen¹, Trenton Bushmaker¹, Dylan H. Morris², Myndi G. Holbrook¹, Amandine Gamble³, Brandi N. Williamson¹, Azaibi Tamin⁴, Jennifer L Harcourt⁴, Natalie J. Thornburg⁴, Susan I. Gerber⁴, James O. Lloyd-Smith³, Emmie de Wit, Vincent J. Munster - Show less +9 more•Institutions (4)

National Institutes of Health¹, Princeton University², University of California, Los Angeles³, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention⁴

17 Mar 2020-The New England Journal of Medicine

TL;DR: Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 In this research letter, investigators report on the stability of Sars-CoVs and the viability of the two virus under experimental conditions.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 In this research letter, investigators report on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 under experimental conditions. The viability of the two virus...

...read moreread less

7,412 citations

"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Po..." refers background in this paper

...In a study comparing levels of viable SARS-CoV-2 on different surfaces, researchers were able to find the virus on plastic and stainless steel surfaces for as long as 72 hours (van Doremalen et al., 2020)....
[...]
...It is possible to become infected from direct contact with individuals who have COVID-19, as well as through aerosols and fomites (Luo et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs

[...]

Kenneth R. McLeroy¹, Daniel L. Bibeau¹, Allan Steckler², Karen Glanz³•Institutions (3)

University of North Carolina at Greensboro¹, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill², Temple University³

01 Jan 1988

TL;DR: An ecological model for health promotion is proposed which focuses on both individual and social environmental factors as targets for health promotions and addresses the importance of interventions directed at changing interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors which support and maintain unhealthy behaviors.

...read moreread less

Abstract: During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in societal interest in preventing disability and death in the United States by changing individual behaviors linked to the risk of contracting chronic diseases. This renewed interest in health promotion and disease prevention has not been without its critics. Some critics have accused proponents of life-style interventions of promoting a victim-blaming ideology by neglecting the importance of social influences on health and disease. This article proposes an ecological model for health promotion which focuses attention on both individual and social environmental factors as targets for health promotion interventions. It addresses the importance of interventions directed at changing interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy, factors which support and maintain unhealthy behaviors. The model assumes that appropriate changes in the social environment will produce changes in individuals, and that the support of individuals in the population is essential for implementing environmental changes.

...read moreread less

6,234 citations

"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Po..." refers background in this paper

...The Agency’s focus in this document is on identifying vulnerability at the individual level; however, consistent with the ecological framework (McLeroy et al., 1988), we advocate for a renewed focus on the social causation of disease, consistent with an emphasis on the physical and social…...
[...]
...The Agency’s focus in this document is on identifying vulnerability at the individual level; however, consistent with the ecological framework (McLeroy et al., 1988), we advocate for a renewed focus on the social causation of disease, consistent with an emphasis on the physical and social environment, and other levels of analysis and intervention, particularly communities....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations

[...]

Jianyin Qiu¹, Bin Shen, Min Zhao¹, Zhen Wang¹, Bin Xie¹, Yifeng Xu¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

Shanghai Mental Health Center¹

06 Mar 2020

TL;DR: This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic, which triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, including panic disorder, anxiety and depression.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.

...read moreread less

2,938 citations

"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Informing Po..." refers background in this paper

...There is significant concern over mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic (Angus Reid, 2020; Qiu et al., 2020; Rohr et al., 2020)....
[...]