The creatinine height index: its use in the estimation of the degree of protein depletion and repletion in protein calorie malnourished children.
TL;DR: A significant negative correlation between CHI and N retention was found, indicating the physiological significance of the CHI in estimating protein nutrition and independent estimates of protein and calorie repletion were obtained during recovery by the use ofCHI and weight for height.
Abstract: The creatinine height index (CHI), which consists of the following ratio: CHI: 24 hour creatinine excretion of subject 24 hour creatinine excretion of normal child of same height has been devised for estimating the relative muscle mass of children Age is not considered because children of developing areas are very often retarded in height The normal CHI is close to 10, both in well nourished children and in fully recovered malnourished ones, with heights ranging from 648 to 135 cm Protein calorie malnourished (PCM) children of the edematous type (kwashiorkor and kwashiorkormarasmus) had CHI9s ranging from 025 to 075, lower CHI9s were observed in more severely malnourished children and vice versa In clinically marasmic children (PCM without edema) the CHI ranged from 033 to 085, independent of the degree of weight deficit or the clinical severity of marasmus, indicating that severe caloric deficiency can occur with a wide range of muscle wasting No creatinine retention was observed in any PCM children with adequate urine flows Independent estimates of protein and calorie repletion were obtained during recovery by the use of CHI and weight for height A significant negative correlation between CHI and N retention was found, indicating the physiological significance of the CHI in estimating protein nutrition
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TL;DR: This review summarizes the physical bases and assumptions, describes applications, and discusses the theoretical and practical limitations of currently available indirect methods of estimating fat-free mass and percent body fat.
1,111 citations
TL;DR: While creatinine excretion may serve as a useful approximation of muscle mass in carefully selected subjects, there remains a need for accurate and practical indices of Muscle mass for use in the individuals in whom the method cannot be reliably applied.
812 citations
Cites background from "The creatinine height index: its us..."
...It is not surprising therefore, that quantifying muscle mass has been an important focus of nutritionists studying or caring for patients suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (4, 5)....
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TL;DR: The following two reports are given, which give an account of the current status of the attack on the difficult task of measuring body composition in living man, to call attention to the resurgence of effort in this field during recent years.
Abstract: Although it is self-evident that the study of human nutrition has as its goal the optimal nutrition of man, the nutritional status of the body best suited to optimal performance, i.e., optimal nutrition, has unfortunately not yet been satisfactorily defined. Body composition of animals may be measured by direct chemical analysis and correlated with dietary intake and with the various aspects of performance; studies of body composition of living man, on the other hand, must rely on indirect measure ments. The following two reports, which give an account of the current status of the attack on the difficult task of measuring body composition in living man, are sponsored by the Committee on Nutrition to call attention to the resurgence of effort in this field during recent years. A fuller knowledge of the gross composition of the human body and its relation to preceding diet will constitute a significant step towards realization of the ultimate goal of nutritional science. Even then, a particular body composition will be of importance primarily in terms of functional performance. The availability of newer techniques should do much to stimulate physicians and nutritionists in defining body composition as an essential step in arriving at a more exact definition of optimal nutrition.
722 citations
Cites background from "The creatinine height index: its us..."
...days? Wagen et al. (1985) did serial studies of prematurely born infants (average weight 1600 g) during the first II days of life....
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TL;DR: The visceral protein compartment (serum albumin and serum transferrin levels and delayed hypersensitivity) is the most accurate prognostic indicator of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Abstract: • The substantial prevalence of malnutrition in the hospitalized patient population has only been recently recognized. Preoperative nutritional and immunological assessment was performed prospectively on admission in 64 consecutive surgical patients. Factors measured included weight loss, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum albumin level, serum transferrin level, total lymphocyte count, serum complement level, serum immunoelectrophoresis, lymphocyte T rosettes formation, neutrophil migration, and delayed hypersensitivity. Using these criteria for malnutrition, 97% of the patients had at least one abnormal measurement and 35% had at least three abnormal measurements. Patients were monitored for complications during their hospital course. Serum albumin level, serum transferrin level, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions were the only accurate prognostic indicators of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Substantial unrecognized malnutrition exists in the surgical patient population. An isolated indicator of malnutrition should be interpreted with caution. The visceral protein compartment (serum albumin and serum transferrin levels and delayed hypersensitivity) is the most accurate prognostic indicator of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Perioperative nutritional support may reduce operative morbidity and mortality in the malnourished operative candidate. ( Arch Surg 114:121-125, 1979)
495 citations
01 Sep 1973
TL;DR: The CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 3, No 3, pp 215-340 as discussed by the authors was the first publication of a comprehensive review of laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional status.
Abstract: (1973). Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 215-340.
458 citations