The crystalline/amorphous stacking structure of SnO2 microspheres for excellent NO photocatalytic performance
02 Mar 2021-Journal of Materials Chemistry (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC))-Vol. 9, Iss: 8, pp 5000-5006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have fabricated SnO2 microspheres with a novel crystalline/amorphous stacking structure that has a significant effect on photocatalytic NO removal under visible light irradiation.
Abstract: Surface amorphization via a crystalline/amorphous core–shell structure is known to be an effective approach to construct a high-efficiency photocatalyst. It enables decreasing of the bandgap of the crystalline core and facilitates rapid carrier transmission between the core and shell. However, this kind of structure induces light blocking for the crystalline core that results in fewer photogenerated carriers. In this work, we have fabricated SnO2 microspheres with a novel crystalline/amorphous stacking structure that has a significant effect on photocatalytic NO removal under visible light irradiation. The increase in the NO removal photocatalytic performance is attributed to the increased charge separation efficiency at the crystalline/amorphous interface arising from the built-in electric field between the amorphous and crystalline regions. Moreover, the crystalline/amorphous stacking structure can inhibit surface absorption competition between O2 and NO. Such a process contributes towards the generation of more oxygen active species which could oxidize NO to NO3−. This work demonstrates that the utilization of the crystalline/amorphous stacking structure provides a new strategy to manipulate the charge transport and promote the photocatalytic performance for a high-efficiency photocatalytic material.
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a novel oxygen vacancy-rich two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) BiOCl-g-C3N4 ultrathin heterostructure nanosheet (CN-BC) was successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method for degradation of non-dye organic contaminants.
Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation has been unearthed as a promising strategy for environmental remediation, and the calling is endless for more efficient photocatalytic system. In this study, a novel oxygen vacancy-rich two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) BiOCl-g-C3N4 ultrathin heterostructure nanosheet (CN-BC) is successfully prepared by a facile solvothermal method for degradation of non-dye organic contaminants. HRTEM observes the formation of heterojunction, while ESR and XPS unveil the distinct oxygen vacancy concentrations. Density functional calculations reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies (OVs) brings a new defect level, resulting in the increased photoabsorption. Under visible light irradiation, the OVs-rich optimum ratio of CN-BC (50CN-50BC) Exhibits 95% removal efficiency of 4-chlorophenol within 2 h, which is about 12.5, 5.3 and 3.4 times as that of pure BiOCl, g-C3N4 and OVs-poor heterostructure, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism of OVs-rich 50CN-50BC is also revealed, suggesting that the synergistic effect between 2D/2D heterojunction and oxygen vacancies greatly promotes visible-light photoabsorption and photoinduced carrier separation efficiency with a prolonged lifetime, which is confirmed by multiple optical and electrochemical analyses, including DRS, steady-state photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent response and time-resolved fluorescence spectra. This study could bring new opportunities for the rational design of highly efficient photocatalysts by combining 2D/2D heterojunctions with oxygen vacancies in environmental remediation.
451 citations
TL;DR: ZnO-SnO2 hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets were successfully synthesized using an aqueous solution containing ZnO rods, SnCl4, and NaOH by using a simple hydrothermal method as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ZnO–SnO2 hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets are successfully synthesized using an aqueous solution containing ZnO rods, SnCl4, and NaOH by using a simple hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the morphology of ZnO–SnO2 are investigated. The formation process of ZnO–SnO2 hollow spheres and nanosheets is discussed. The samples are characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Both hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets show higher photocatalytic activities in the degradation of methyl orange than that of ZnO rods or SnO2.
400 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite SnO2/MXene anode was fabricated for Li-ion battery applications, where conductive MXene sheets act to buffer the volume changes associated with lithiation and delithiation.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new route to suppress grain growth and tune the sensitivity and selectivity of nanocrystalline SnO2 fibers was presented, where the Pd-loaded sensors have 4 orders of magnitude higher resistivity and exhibit significantly enhanced sensitivity to H2 and lower sensitivity to NO2 compared to their unloaded counterparts.
Abstract: This work presents a new route to suppress grain growth and tune the sensitivity and selectivity of nanocrystalline SnO2 fibers. Unloaded and Pd-loaded SnO2 nanofiber mats are synthesized by electrospinning followed by hot-pressing at 80 °C and calcination at 450 or 600 °C. The chemical composition and microstructure evolution as a function of Pd-loading and calcination temperature are examined using EDS, XPS, XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. Highly porous fibrillar morphology with nanocrystalline fibers comprising SnO2 crystallites decorated with tiny PdO crystallites is observed. The grain size of the SnO2 crystallites in the layers that are calcined at 600 °C decreases with increasing Pd concentration from about 15 nm in the unloaded specimen to about 7 nm in the 40 mol% Pd-loaded specimen, indicating that Pd-loading could effectively suppress the SnO2 grain growth during the calcination step. The Pd-loaded SnO2 sensors have 4 orders of magnitude higher resistivity and exhibit significantly enhanced sensitivity to H2 and lower sensitivity to NO2 compared to their unloaded counterparts. These observations are attributed to enhanced electron depletion at the surface of the PdO-decorated SnO2 crystallites and catalytic effect of PdO in promoting the oxidation of H2 into H2O. These phenomena appear to have a much larger effect on the sensitivity of the Pd-loaded sensors than the reduction in grain size.
376 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the promise of carrier-concentration-controlled SnO2 QD ESLs for fabricating stable, efficient, reproducible, large-scale, and flexible planar PSCs.
Abstract: The carrier concentration of the electron-selective layer (ESL) and hole-selective layer can significantly affect the performance of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a facile yet effective two-step method, i.e., room-temperature colloidal synthesis and low-temperature removal of additive (thiourea), to control the carrier concentration of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) ESLs to achieve high-performance PSCs is developed. By optimizing the electron density of SnO2 QD ESLs, a champion stabilized power output of 20.32% for the planar PSCs using triple cation perovskite absorber and 19.73% for those using CH3 NH3 PbI3 absorber is achieved. The superior uniformity of low-temperature processed SnO2 QD ESLs also enables the fabrication of ≈19% efficiency PSCs with an aperture area of 1.0 cm2 and 16.97% efficiency flexible device. The results demonstrate the promise of carrier-concentration-controlled SnO2 QD ESLs for fabricating stable, efficient, reproducible, large-scale, and flexible planar PSCs.
314 citations