scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential.

TL;DR: The Danish National Patient Registry is a valuable tool for epidemiological research, however, both its strengths and limitations must be considered when interpreting research results, and continuous validation of its clinical data is essential.
Abstract: Background The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is one of the world’s oldest nationwide hospital registries and is used extensively for research. Many studies have validated algorithms for identifying health events in the DNPR, but the reports are fragmented and no overview exists.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data Resource Profile: The Danish National Prescription Registry Anton Pottegård,* Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir Schmidt, Helle Wallach-Kildemoes, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Jesper Hallas and Morten Schmidt
Abstract: Data Resource Profile: The Danish National Prescription Registry Anton Pottegård,* Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir Schmidt, Helle Wallach-Kildemoes, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Jesper Hallas and Morten Schmidt Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Randers, Randers, Denmark

770 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Denmark’s constellation of universal health care, long-standing routine registration of most health and life events, and the possibility of exact individual-level data linkage provides unlimited possibilities for epidemiological research.
Abstract: Denmark has a large network of population-based medical databases, which routinely collect high-quality data as a by-product of health care provision. The Danish medical databases include administrative, health, and clinical quality databases. Understanding the full research potential of these data sources requires insight into the underlying health care system. This review describes key elements of the Danish health care system from planning and delivery to record generation. First, it presents the history of the health care system, its overall organization and financing. Second, it details delivery of primary, hospital, psychiatric, and elderly care. Third, the path from a health care contact to a database record is followed. Finally, an overview of the available data sources is presented. This review discusses the data quality of each type of medical database and describes the relative technical ease and cost-effectiveness of exact individual-level linkage among them. It is shown, from an epidemiological point of view, how Denmark's population represents an open dynamic cohort with complete long-term follow-up, censored only at emigration or death. It is concluded that Denmark's constellation of universal health care, long-standing routine registration of most health and life events, and the possibility of exact individual-level data linkage provides unlimited possibilities for epidemiological research.

671 citations


Cites background from "The Danish National Patient Registr..."

  • ...Subsequent reimbursements increase in steps of 50%, 75%, and 85%, until out-of-pocket expenditures are capped at about $600.(11)...

    [...]

  • ...As of 2018, the first $150 is paid in full by the patient (except for children, whose parents immediately receive a 60% reimbursement).(11) Subsequent reimbursements increase in steps of 50%, 75%, and 85%, until out-of-pocket expenditures are capped at about $600....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2016-BMJ Open
TL;DR: The validity of cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR is overall high and sufficient for use in research since 2010, and the PPVs were consistent within age, sex, calendar year and hospital categories.
Abstract: Objective The majority of cardiovascular diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) remain to be validated despite extensive use in epidemiological research. We therefore examined the positive predictive value (PPV) of cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR. Design Population-based validation study. Setting 1 university hospital and 2 regional hospitals in the Central Denmark Region, 2010–2012. Participants For each cardiovascular diagnosis, up to 100 patients from participating hospitals were randomly sampled during the study period using the DNPR. Main outcome measure Using medical record review as the reference standard, we examined the PPV for cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Results A total of 2153 medical records (97% of the total sample) were available for review. The PPVs ranged from 64% to 100%, with a mean PPV of 88%. The PPVs were ≥90% for first-time myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stable angina pectoris, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation or flutter, cardiac arrest, mitral valve regurgitation or stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation or stenosis, pericarditis, hypercholesterolaemia, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm/dilation and arterial claudication. The PPVs were between 80% and 90% for recurrent myocardial infarction, first-time unstable angina pectoris, pulmonary hypertension, bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, endocarditis, cardiac tumours, first-time venous thromboembolism and between 70% and 80% for first-time and recurrent admission due to heart failure, first-time dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy and recurrent venous thromboembolism. The PPV for first-time myocarditis was 64%. The PPVs were consistent within age, sex, calendar year and hospital categories. Conclusions The validity of cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR is overall high and sufficient for use in research since 2010.

527 citations


Cites background or methods or result from "The Danish National Patient Registr..."

  • ...Existing validation studies for cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR have been limited to relatively few diagnoses.(6) We therefore conducted a validation study to examine the positive predictive value (PPV) of diagnoses in the DNPR for all major cardiovascular diseases....

    [...]

  • ...Comparing our results with previous Danish validation studies, it is apparent that the PPVs have improved over time for many cardiovascular diagnoses in the DNPR.(6) This may be explained by increased awareness of correct coding, implementation of clear guidelines and definitions of individual diseases, and improved availability of diagnostic modalities....

    [...]

  • ...This may be explained by increased awareness of correct coding, implementation of clear guidelines and definitions of individual diseases, and improved availability of diagnostic modalities.(6) Thus, the PPV of coding has improved for myocardial infarction (PPV=100% during 1996–2009,(12) 98% during 1998–2007,(13) 92% during Table 1 Positive predictive values of venous thromboembolism diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry, by diagnostic modalities during admission...

    [...]

  • ...The Danish National Health Service provides free universal tax-supported healthcare, guaranteeing unfettered access to general practitioners and hospitals.(6)...

    [...]

  • ...The diagnoses from the discharge summary and/or medical records were then compared with the diagnoses in the DNPR. Events coded in the DNPR as recurrent were considered correct if they were truly new events (for myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism) and for heart failure if the readmission was due to a heart failure exacerbation....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim was to provide an updated description of the register focusing on structure, content, and coverage since 1997.
Abstract: The Danish Medical Birth Register was established in 1973. It is a key component of the Danish health information system. The register enables monitoring of the health of pregnant women and their offspring, it provides data for quality assessment of the perinatal care in Denmark, and it is used extensively for research. The register underwent major changes in construction and content in 1997, and new variables have been added during the last 20 years. The aim was to provide an updated description of the register focusing on structure, content, and coverage since 1997. The register includes data on all births in Denmark and comprises primarily of data from the Danish National Patient Registry supplemented with forms on home deliveries and stillbirths. It contains information on maternal age provided by the Civil Registration System. Information on pre-pregnancy body mass index and smoking in first trimester is collected in early pregnancy (first antenatal visit). The individual-level data can be linked to other Danish health registers such as the National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry. The register informs several other registers/databases such as the Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Fetal Medicine Database. Aggregated data can be publicly accessed on the Danish Health Data Authority web page ( www.esundhed.dk/sundhedsregistre/MFR ). Researchers can obtain access to individual-level pseudo-anonymised data via servers at Statistics Denmark and the Danish Health Data Authority.

387 citations


Cites background or methods from "The Danish National Patient Registr..."

  • ...In 1997, the electronic registration of births replaced paper forms and data has since been recorded in a slightly revised form to the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) and fed directly into the MBR....

    [...]

  • ...All conditions relevant for the pregnancy are reported to the NPR at the first antenatal contact....

    [...]

  • ...All psychiatric, outpatient, and emergency department contacts were added in 1995 [5]....

    [...]

  • ...All subsequent health events reported by diagnoses and surgical interventions can be found in the NPR....

    [...]

  • ...The MBR is used extensively, both alone [20,21] and in combination with other registers such as the NPR [22–24], the National Prescription Registry [25], the Integrated Database for Labour Market Research [26], and the Danish Register of Causes of Death [27]....

    [...]

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Completeness and accuracy in the registers seem to vary from satisfactory to very good in the register as long as the recognised limitations are taking into account.
Abstract: Aims: The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) is one of the oldest individual level hospital discharge registers and has been intensively used for research purposes. The aim of this study was to gather information concerning the quality of FHDR into one place in terms of a systematic review of validation studies that compare data to external information. Methods: Several reference databases were searched for validity articles published until January 2012. For each included study, focus of validation, register years examined, number of compared observations, external source(s) of data, summary of validation results, and conclusions concerning the validity of FHDR were extracted. Results: In total, 32 different studies comparing FHDR data to external information were identified. Most of the studies examined validity in the case of vascular disease, mental disorders or injuries. More than 95% of discharges could be identified from the register. Positive predictive value (PPV) for common diagnoses was ...

287 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The validity of the Swedish IPR is high for many but not all diagnoses, but for certain research areas the use of other health registers, such as the Swedish Cancer Register, may be more suitable.
Abstract: Background: The Swedish National Inpatient Register (IPR), also called the Hospital Discharge Register, is a principal source of data for numerous research projects. The IPR is part of the National Patient Register. The Swedish IPR was launched in 1964 (psychiatric diagnoses from 1973) but complete coverage did not begin until 1987. Currently, more than 99% of all somatic (including surgery) and psychiatric hospital discharges are registered in the IPR. A previous validation of the IPR by the National Board of Health and Welfare showed that 85-95% of all diagnoses in the IPR are valid. The current paper describes the history, structure, coverage and quality of the Swedish IPR. Methods and results: In January 2010, we searched the medical databases, Medline and HighWire, using the search algorithm “validat* (inpatient or hospital discharge) Sweden”. We also contacted 218 members of the Swedish Society of Epidemiology and an additional 201 medical researchers to identify papers that had validated the IPR. In total, 132 papers were reviewed. The positive predictive value (PPV) was found to differ between diagnoses in the IPR, but is generally 85-95%. Conclusions: In conclusion, the validity of the Swedish IPR is high for many but not all diagnoses. The long followup makes the register particularly suitable for large-scale population-based research, but for certain research areas the use of other health registers, such as the Swedish Cancer Register, may be more suitable.

3,871 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the NPR is overall a sound data source, both the content and the definitions of single variables have changed over time and researchers using the data should carefully consider potential fallacies in the data before drawing conclusions.
Abstract: Introduction: The Danish National Patient Register (NPR) was established in 1977, and it is considered to be the finest of its kind internationally. Content: At the onset the register included information on inpatient in somatic wards. The content of the register has gradually been expanded, and since 2007 the register has included information on all patients in Danish hospitals. Validity and coverage: Although the NPR is overall a sound data source, both the content and the definitions of single variables have changed over time. Changes in the organisation and provision of health services may affect both the type and the completeness of registrations. Conclusion: The NPR is a unique data source. Researchers using the data should carefully consider potential fallacies in the data before drawing conclusions.

3,275 citations


"The Danish National Patient Registr..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, the reporting from private hospitals and clinics is generally considered incomplete.(17,41) DNPR content Type of data The content of the DNPR is structured, with each variable having a finite number of possible values....

    [...]

  • ...Although it has been mandatory for private health care providers to report all activities since 2003, and the Danish Health and Medicines Authority runs information campaigns to promote registration,(38) registration from private hospitals and clinics remains incomplete.(17,41) Private hospitals offer services paid by taxes due to the rules of “free hospital choice” or as part of an agreement with a region, as well as services paid privately either by insurance companies or private parties....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of interval estimation of a binomial proportion is revisited, and a number of natural alternatives are presented, each with its motivation and con- text, each interval is examined for its coverage probability and its length.
Abstract: We revisit the problem of interval estimation of a binomial proportion. The erratic behavior of the coverage probability of the stan- d ardWaldconfid ence interval has previously been remarkedon in the literature (Blyth andStill, Agresti andCoull, Santner andothers). We begin by showing that the chaotic coverage properties of the Waldinter- val are far more persistent than is appreciated. Furthermore, common textbook prescriptions regarding its safety are misleading and defective in several respects andcannot be trusted . This leads us to consideration of alternative intervals. A number of natural alternatives are presented, each with its motivation and con- text. Each interval is examinedfor its coverage probability andits length. Basedon this analysis, we recommendthe Wilson interval or the equal- tailedJeffreys prior interval for small n andthe interval suggestedin Agresti andCoull for larger n. We also provide an additional frequentist justification for use of the Jeffreys interval.

2,893 citations


"The Danish National Patient Registr..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...We used Wilson’s score methods to calculate CIs with one decimal point precision.(165) When lack of absolute numbers precluded recalculations, we presented the results as reported in the original reference....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This document contains the checklist and explanatory and elaboration information to enhance the use of theRECORD checklist, and examples of good reporting for each RECORD checklist item are also included herein.
Abstract: Routinely collected health data, obtained for administrative and clinical purposes without specific a priori research goals, are increasingly used for research. The rapid evolution and availability of these data have revealed issues not addressed by existing reporting guidelines, such as Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely collected health Data (RECORD) statement was created to fill these gaps. RECORD was created as an extension to the STROBE statement to address reporting items specific to observational studies using routinely collected health data. RECORD consists of a checklist of 13 items related to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion section of articles, and other information required for inclusion in such research reports. This document contains the checklist and explanatory and elaboration information to enhance the use of the checklist. Examples of good reporting for each RECORD checklist item are also included herein. This document, as well as the accompanying website and message board (http://www.record-statement.org), will enhance the implementation and understanding of RECORD. Through implementation of RECORD, authors, journals editors, and peer reviewers can encourage transparency of research reporting.

2,644 citations


"The Danish National Patient Registr..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Keywords: epidemiological methods, medical record linkage, registries, research design, validation studies Introduction As the role of routine computerized health data in epidemiological research is growing,(1) there is a need to examine their strengths and limitations.(2,3) Typical shortcomings of such data include limited linkage possibilities, incomplete temporal or geographic coverage, restriction to selected patient groups, and lack of systematic follow-up....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methodological advances in epidemiology have facilitated the use of the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) in ways not previously described systematically, and it is concluded that the CRS is a key tool for epidemiological research in Denmark.
Abstract: The methodological advances in epidemiology have facilitated the use of the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) in ways not previously described systematically. We reviewed the CRS and its use as a research tool in epidemiology. We obtained information from the Danish Law on Civil Registration and the Central Office of Civil Registration, and used existing literature to provide illustrative examples of its use. The CRS is an administrative register established on April 2, 1968. It contains individual-level information on all persons residing in Denmark (and Greenland as of May 1, 1972). By January 2014, the CRS had cumulatively registered 9.5 million individuals and more than 400 million person-years of follow-up. A unique ten-digit Civil Personal Register number assigned to all persons in the CRS allows for technically easy, cost-effective, and unambiguous individual-level record linkage of Danish registers. Daily updated information on migration and vital status allows for nationwide cohort studies with virtually complete long-term follow-up on emigration and death. The CRS facilitates sampling of general population comparison cohorts, controls in case–control studies, family cohorts, and target groups in population surveys. The data in the CRS are virtually complete, have high accuracy, and can be retrieved for research purposes while protecting the anonymity of Danish residents. In conclusion, the CRS is a key tool for epidemiological research in Denmark.

2,301 citations


"The Danish National Patient Registr..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Denmark had 5,580,516 inhabitants in 2012, excluding inhabitants of Greenland and the Faroe Islands.20 Although these areas are part of the Kingdom of Denmark, they are not covered by the DNPR....

    [...]

  • ...Third, virtually complete follow-up of all patients (with no unrecorded dropouts) is possible because the Danish Civil Registration System records vital status and migrations on a daily basis.(20) Still, the cohort represented in the DNPR is only unselected for diseases that always require hospital treatment....

    [...]

  • ...Sometimes, ABC extensions are added to specific diagnostic codes, eg, atrial fibrillation (I489B) and flutter (I489A), making the Danish version of the ICD-10 more detailed than the international ICD-10 but less detailed than the clinical modification of the ICD-10 (ICD-10-CM), which is not used in Denmark.46 Surgeries were coded according to the three consecutive editions of the Danish Classification of Surgical Procedures and Therapies, from 1977 to 1995.47 Since 1996, surgical procedures have been coded according to the Danish version of the Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee Classification of Surgical Procedures.48...

    [...]

  • ...The three-digit ICD-8 codes were used in a modified Danish version (with two supplementary digits), which explains in part why ICD-9 coding was never introduced in Denmark....

    [...]

  • ...The Danish National Health Service provides tax- supported health care for the entire Danish population.10,21 Redistributionist taxation finances ∼85% of overall health care costs, including access to general practitioners (GPs), hospitals, outpatient specialty clinics, and partial reimbursement of prescribed medications.21 Of note, outpatient specialty clinics include contacts from hospital-based (ambulatory) specialty clinics but not from private practice specialists or GPs. Patients’ out-of-pocket expenditures cover the remaining costs of medication and dental care.21 Except in emergencies, GPs (including on-call GPs) provide referrals to hospitals and specialists.21 Approximately 4,100 GPs and 4,600 dentists, as well as physiotherapists, chiropractors, and home nurses, work in the primary health care sector.21 The Danish Civil Registration System is a key tool for epidemiological research in Denmark.20,22 This nationwide reg- istry of administrative information was established on April 2, 1968.20 It assigns a unique ten-digit Civil Personal Register (CPR) number to all persons residing in Denmark, allowing for technically easy, cost-effective, and exact individual-level record linkage of all Danish registries.20 The Danish Civil Registration System, which tracks and continuously updates information on migrations and vital status, permits long-term follow-up with accurate censoring at emigration or death.20...

    [...]