The daylighting dashboard – A simulation-based design analysis for daylit spaces

doi:10.1016/J.BUILDENV.2010.08.001

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The daylighting dashboard – A simulation-based design analysis for daylit spaces

Journal Article•DOI•

The daylighting dashboard – A simulation-based design analysis for daylit spaces

Christoph Reinhart¹, Jan Wienold²•Institutions (2)

Harvard University¹, Fraunhofer Society²

01 Feb 2011-Building and Environment (Pergamon)-Vol. 46, Iss: 2, pp 386-396

TL;DR: In this paper, a fully integrated design analysis method is introduced that simultaneously considers annual daylight availability, visual comfort and energy use: Annual daylight glare probability profiles are combined with an occupant behavior model in order to determine annual shading profiles and visual comfort conditions throughout a space.

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About: This article is published in Building and Environment.The article was published on 2011-02-01. It has received 264 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Daylighting & Daylight.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of indices for assessing visual comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design

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Salvatore Carlucci¹, Francesco Causone², Francesco Rosa², Lorenzo Pagliano²•Institutions (2)

Norwegian University of Science and Technology¹, Polytechnic University of Milan²

01 Jul 2015-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present recommendations for use, and suggest areas where improvement is needed for their use in optimization processes to support buildings' design, based on their analysis of their features and implications.

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Abstract: In the last decades, several studies aimed at assessing some specified aspects of visual comfort characterizing the relationship between the human needs and the light environment, such as an available amount of light, light uniformity, light quality in rendering colors, and predicting the risk of glare for space occupants. For each of them, a (still growing) number of indices and metrics have been proposed in the literature and standards. In the present work, they are described, categorized according to common features, and finally discussed. As in the case of long-term thermal comfort indices, such visual comfort indices and their summation over a specified calculation period might be used for driving optimization processes to support a more conscious integrated design of buildings. To that purpose, the choice among the available visual comfort indices needs to be informed by an analysis of their features and implications. We present recommendations for use, and suggest areas where improvement is needed for their use in optimization processes to support buildings׳ design.

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258 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part I: Introduction to the DNAs framework

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Tianzhen Hong¹, Simona D'Oca¹, Simona D'Oca², William Turner¹, William Turner³, Sarah C. Taylor-Lange¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory¹, United States Department of Energy², University College Dublin³

01 Oct 2015-Building and Environment

TL;DR: In this article, an ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings is presented, based on four key components: i) the drivers of behavior, ii) the needs of the occupants, iii) the actions carried out by the occupants and iv) the building systems acted upon by occupants.

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250 citations

Cites background or methods from "The daylighting dashboard – A simul..."

...Other widespread techniques to monitor control system state or occupancy movement and presence include imaging analysis such as time-lapse photography taken from the exterior building façade [23, 28, 29, 32, 65-73] as well as camera-based [74, 75] and internal personal visual survey, such as personal building walkthroughs [28, 31, 41, 73, 76]....
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...Data collection techniques often include direct monitoring of the building control systems, using magnetic switches for windows [22-26], electromechanical sensors for shading systems, blinds and electric lighting [27-32], recording TRV (thermostatic radiator valve) switches [26, 33-35], AC thermostat set points [36,37], presence detectors such as motion sensors [38-40], intelligent control of building systems and real-time building visualization [41], security systems [42], PIR (passive infrared) sensors [43], ultrasonic detectors for light switching [44] , and smart/wireless electric outlet meters [45-52]....
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...Surrogate information on energy-related behaviors can be deduced by using already available data such as occupancy derived from light switch sensors [41, 58-60], computer switches [61, 62], IT (information technology) infrastructure [63] and from equipment load profiles [64]....
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...Two main methodological approaches, one more objective (field monitoring) and one more subjective (self-reporting and questionnaires) are used widely by the scientific community to gain a better understanding of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings (see Appendix A for details) [21-90]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The ‘adaptive zone’ – A concept for assessing discomfort glare throughout daylit spaces

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JA Jakubiec¹, Christoph Reinhart¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

01 Jun 2012-Lighting Research & Technology

TL;DR: It is found that applying the adaptive zone concept to a sidelit office with manually operated venetian blinds reduces the predicted hours of intolerable discomfort glare from 735 to 18 occupied hours per year and increases the annual mean daylight availability from 40% to 72%.

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Abstract: Discomfort glare is an underutilized parameter in contemporary architectural design due to uncertainties about the meaning of existing metrics, how they should be applied and what the benefits of such analysis are. Glare is position and view direction-dependent within a space, rendering it difficult to assess compared to conventional illuminance-based metrics. This paper compares simulation results for five glare metrics under 144 clear sky conditions in three spaces in order to investigate the ability of these metrics to predict the occurrence of discomfort glare and to hence support the design of comfortable spaces. The metrics analyzed areDaylight Glare Index, CIE Glare Index, Visual Comfort Probability, Unified Glare Rating and Daylight Glare Probability. It is found that Daylight Glare Probability yields the most plausible results. In an attempt to deal with multiple positions and view directions simultaneously, the concept of an ‘adaptive zone’ is introduced within which building occupants may freel...

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222 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A critical review of observation studies, modeling, and simulation of adaptive occupant behaviors in offices

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H. Burak Gunay¹, William O'Brien¹, Ian Beausoleil-Morrison¹•Institutions (1)

Carleton University¹

01 Dec 2013-Building and Environment

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature on occupant behaviors in building energy use is presented, and the authors discuss the limitations associated with their application, and develop recommendations for future work.

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220 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A Critical Investigation of Common Lighting Design Metrics for Predicting Human Visual Comfort in Offices with Daylight

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Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg¹, Mehlika Inanici²•Institutions (2)

University of Idaho¹, University of Washington²

20 Feb 2014-Leukos

TL;DR: The bounded borderline between comfort and discomfort is introduced, and preliminary visual comfort design criteria are proposed for several existing metrics.

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Abstract: Existing visual comfort metrics are reviewed and critiqued based upon their ability to explain the variability in human subjective responses in a daylit private office laboratory environment. Participants (n = 48) evaluated visual comfort and preference factors, totaling 1488 discreet appraisals, and luminance-based metrics were captured with high dynamic range images and illuminance-based metrics were recorded. Vertical illuminance outperformed all commonly referenced visual comfort metrics including horizontal illuminance, IES luminance ratios, daylight glare probability (DGP), and daylight glare index (DGI). The bounded borderline between comfort and discomfort is introduced, and preliminary visual comfort design criteria are proposed for several existing metrics. Fundamental limitations of glare indices are documented, and the implications of inconsistent application of luminance ratio calculation methods are quantified. Future research is detailed.

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166 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Evaluation methods and development of a new glare prediction model for daylight environments with the use of CCD cameras

[...]

Jan Wienold, Jens Christoffersen

01 Jul 2006-Energy and Buildings

TL;DR: In this article, a CCD camera-based luminance mapping technology was used to provide new insight into the impact of luminance distributions on glare, and a new index, daylight glare probability (DGP), was developed and is presented in this paper.

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783 citations

"The daylighting dashboard – A simul..." refers background in this paper

...These advances include a trend away from static and towards dynamic, climate-based daylight simulations (Reinhart, Mardaljevic and Rogers 2006; Mardaljevic, Heschong and Lee 2009), more refined glare prediction and simulation methods (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006) and occupancy behavior models that mimic occupant use of shading and lighting controls (Reinhart 2004)....
[...]
...The Evalglare program extracts daylight glare probabilities from Radiance images and/or high dynamic range photographs (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006)....
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...Daylight glare probability (DGP) is a recently proposed discomfort glare index that was derived by the second author from laboratory studies in daylit spaces using seventy-two test subjects in Denmark and Germany (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006)....
[...]
...…daylight simulations (Reinhart, Mardaljevic and Rogers 2006; Mardaljevic, Heschong and Lee 2009), more refined glare prediction and simulation methods (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006) and occupancy behavior models that mimic occupant use of shading and lighting controls (Reinhart 2004)....
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Book•

Rendering with radiance: the art and science of lighting visualization

[...]

Greg Ward Larson, Rob Shakespeare¹•Institutions (1)

Indiana University¹

01 Jan 1998

TL;DR: This is the definitive reference on the radiance lighting simulation and rendering system.

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Abstract: Radiance is a collection of approximately 50 programs that do everything from object modeling to point calculation, rendering, image processing and display. This is the definitive reference on the radiance lighting simulation and rendering system.

...read moreread less

776 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design

[...]

Christoph Reinhart¹, John Mardaljevic², Zack Rogers•Institutions (2)

National Research Council¹, De Montfort University²

01 Jul 2006-Leukos

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of previously suggested dynamic daylight performance metrics, discussing the capability of these metrics to lead to superior daylighting designs and their accessibility to nonsimulation experts, is presented.

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Abstract: The objective of this document is to promote the use of dynamic daylight performance measures for sustainable building design. The paper initially explores the shortcomings of conventional, static daylight performance metrics which concentrate on individual sky conditions, such as the common daylight factor. It then provides a review of previously suggested dynamic daylight performance metrics, discussing the capability of these metrics to lead to superior daylighting designs and their accessibility to nonsimulation experts. Several example offices are examined to demonstrate the benefit of basing design decisions on dynamic performance metrics as opposed to the daylight factor.

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680 citations

"The daylighting dashboard – A simul..." refers background in this paper

...A common choice is to concentrate on the times when the investigated space will be occupied (Reinhart et al. 2006)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds

[...]

Christoph Reinhart¹•Institutions (1)

National Research Council¹

01 Jan 2004-Solar Energy

TL;DR: A simulation algorithm is proposed that predicts the lighting energy performance of manually and automatically controlled electric lighting and blind systems in private and two-person offices and features four different user types to mimic variation in control behavior between different occupants.

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645 citations

"The daylighting dashboard – A simul..." refers background in this paper

...These advances include a trend away from static and towards dynamic, climate-based daylight simulations (Reinhart, Mardaljevic and Rogers 2006; Mardaljevic, Heschong and Lee 2009), more refined glare prediction and simulation methods (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006) and occupancy behavior models that mimic occupant use of shading and lighting controls (Reinhart 2004)....
[...]
...…daylight simulations (Reinhart, Mardaljevic and Rogers 2006; Mardaljevic, Heschong and Lee 2009), more refined glare prediction and simulation methods (Wienold and Christoffersen 2006) and occupancy behavior models that mimic occupant use of shading and lighting controls (Reinhart 2004)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors

[...]

Azza Nabil¹, John Mardaljevic¹•Institutions (1)

De Montfort University¹

01 Jul 2006-Energy and Buildings

TL;DR: The UDI paradigm is designed to aid the interpretation of climate-based analyses of daylight illuminance levels that are founded on hourly meteorological data for a period of a full year, and is well-suited for teaching purposes.

...read moreread less

602 citations