The Decline of Rural Industry Under Export Expansion: A Comparison among Burma, Philippines, and Thailand, 1870–1938
TL;DR: In this article, the economic and social forces underlying the economic transformation of three Southeast Asian countries from agrarian societies to commercial ones were investigated over the period 1870 to 1938 for Burma, the Philippines, and Thailand.
Abstract: This paper endeavors to explain the economic and social forces underlying the economic transformation of three Southeast Asian countries from agrarian societies to commercial ones. In particular, a model is used to explore this historic behavior over the period 1870 to 1938 for Burma, the Philippines, and Thailand. It is also suggested that the varying economic consequences of the model were dependent on the respective pre-colonial history and the type of colonial or governmental rule.
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01 Oct 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the effects of oil windfalls on six developing countries, and conclude that much of the potential benefit of the windfalls, has been dissipated, and explain why some oil producers may have ended up actually worse off, despite the additional revenue.
Abstract: The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to many, previously poor oil-producing countries. What became of their new-found wealth? In this comparative study, the author assesses for the first time, the effects of oil windfalls on six developing countries. He presents new information on how these petroleum exporters, used their oil revenue, and analyzes the consequences of government policies. He concludes that much of the potential benefit of the windfalls, has been dissipated, and, explains why some oil producers may have ended up actually worse off, despite the additional revenue. Although this issue has been previously discussed, especially anecdotally, it has not been systematically analyzed, and related to the economic policies of particular countries, and their macroeconomic characteristics. In this comparative analysis of six oil-exporting countries - the core of the book - the author blends institutional, and political aspects, with the quantitative results derived from a complex economic model, including individual country studies. The author suggests that natural resources alone will do little to promote economic development. Countries need sound economic management, and need to address the political factors that conflict with wise policy choices. Market processes are needed to help allocate public resources, and, governments and others responsible must take account of risk, and uncertainty when selecting projects, and formulating plans for development.
895 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the potentially important role of rural nonagricultural activity in the development process, using the Hymer-Resnick Z-goods model as a point of departure, showing that its pessimistic conclusions are based on rather restrictive assumptions as applied to the colonial period.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that technological change even today often carries highly disruptive and inegalitarian consequences for Third World countries, and an alternative model is suggested in which development proceeds by localized economic activities, distr...
Abstract: The ‘naive’ idea current among many of the older nationalists of the Third World regarding the de‐industrializing effect of western capitalism on their countries is confirmed by the analysis of occupational data relating to the State of Bihar in India. Similar evidence is also available for Egypt and China. If we shift from models of what can ideally happen under capitalism in its international aspects and look at what actually happened until, say, 1914, we find that it often had opposite effects on the advanced capitalist countries and their overseas offshoots, and on the colonial or semi‐colonial economies of the Third World in respect of industrial employment, investment in productive assets and distribution of income. Technological change even today often carries highly disruptive and inegalitarian consequences for Third World countries. In the light of such experience with market‐orientated growth, an alternative model is suggested in which development proceeds by localized economic activities, distr...
117 citations
Book•
24 Oct 2006
TL;DR: The Bureaucracy of Beauty as discussed by the authors is a wide-ranging work of cultural theory that connects literary studies, postcoloniality, the history of architecture and design, and the history and present of empire.
Abstract: The Bureaucracy of Beauty is a wide-ranging work of cultural theory that connects literary studies, postcoloniality, the history of architecture and design, and the history and present of empire. Professor Ananya Roy of UC Berkeley calls it a "fantastic book," and in many ways this is the best description of it. The Bureaucracy of Beauty begins with nineteenth-century Britain's Department of Science and Arts, a venture organized by the Board of Trade, and how the DSA exerted a powerful influence on the growth of museums, design schools, and architecture throughout the British Empire. But this is only the book's literal subject: in a remarkable set of chapters, Dutta explores the development of international laws of intellectual property, ideas of design pedagogy, the technological distinction between craft and industry, the relation of colonial tutelage to economic policy, the politics and technology of exhibition, and competing philosophies of aesthetics. His thinking across these areas is ignited by engagements with Benjamin, Marx, Adam Smith and Jeremy Bentham, Kant, Mill, Ruskin, and Gandhi. A rich study in the history of ideas, of design and architecture, and of cultural politics, The Bureaucracy of Beauty converges on the issues of present-day globalization. From nineteenth-century Britain to twenty-first century America, The Bureaucracy of Beauty offers a theory of how things - big things -change.
113 citations
TL;DR: In an effort to substitute historical analysis for the a priori explanations which have been popular in this area, the authors presents data and analysis on international trade and its effects on income growth, structural change, and income distribution in Brazil during the period 1822-1913.
Abstract: Nurkse's classical analysis of nineteenth-century trade and development dealt largely with the temperate-zone countries. Why the tropical countries remained "outsiders" to this process is not clearly understood. In an effort to substitute historical analysis for the a priori explanations which have been popular in this area, the present paper presents data and analysis on international trade and its effects on income growth, structural change, and income distribution in Brazil during the period 1822-1913. Apart from its historical and analytical interest, this material may also be useful for checking the historical relevance of the stylized facts which underly deductive models of trade and development.
85 citations
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