The degradation performance of different microplastics and their effect on microbial community during composting process
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation characteristics of different microplastics (polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)) and their effect on the bacterial community during composting were investigated.
About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2021-04-07. It has received 12 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Microplastics.
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North West Agriculture and Forestry University1, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment2, Northwest A&F University3, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute4, Zunyi Medical College5, Korea University6, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology7, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research8, University of Western Australia9
TL;DR: In this article, the role of various microbes and their enzymatic mechanisms involved in biodegradation of micro-nano plastics in wastewater (WW) stream, municipal sludge, municipal solid waste (MSW), and composting starting with biological and toxicological impacts of MNPs.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive understanding of the methods and mechanisms of plastic degradation is necessary, because it is the result of synergistic effects of several degradation methods, both in nature and in consideration of future engineering applications.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential role of waste management processes in decreasing the potential leakage of bioplastics was investigated, and it was shown that depending on the type and processing conditions of a bioplastic, waste management can effectively reduce its potential leakage, decreasing the concentration of these materials that can reach the environment.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microplastics on the biological treatment of organic waste has been extensively studied, but little is known about the influence of different MPs on composting humification and the fungal community.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it has been identified that different toxic metals are associated with the MPs in compost, i.e. Cr, Pb, Cu and Ni; however, no considerable attention is given to the study of their concentrations, translocation, and fate.
31 citations
References
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TL;DR: The basic concepts of the composting process and how manure characteristics can influence its performance are explained and a summary of those factors such as nitrogen losses, organic matter humification and compost maturity which affect the quality of composts produced by manure composting is presented.
1,795 citations
TL;DR: There is potential for microplastics to impact human health, and assessing current exposure levels and burdens is key to guide future research into the potential mechanisms of toxicity and hence therein possible health effects.
Abstract: Microplastics are a pollutant of environmental concern Their presence in food destined for human consumption and in air samples has been reported Thus, microplastic exposure via diet or inhalation could occur, the human health effects of which are unknown The current review article draws upon cross-disciplinary scientific literature to discuss and evaluate the potential human health impacts of microplastics and outlines urgent areas for future research Key literature up to September 2016 relating to accumulation, particle toxicity, and chemical and microbial contaminants was critically examined Although microplastics and human health is an emerging field, complementary existing fields indicate potential particle, chemical and microbial hazards If inhaled or ingested, microplastics may accumulate and exert localized particle toxicity by inducing or enhancing an immune response Chemical toxicity could occur due to the localized leaching of component monomers, endogenous additives, and adsorbed enviro
1,515 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, was found to be able to use PET as its major energy and carbon source, producing two enzymes capable of hydrolyzing PET and the reaction intermediate, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid.
Abstract: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is used extensively worldwide in plastic products, and its accumulation in the environment has become a global concern. Because the ability to enzymatically degrade PET has been thought to be limited to a few fungal species, biodegradation is not yet a viable remediation or recycling strategy. By screening natural microbial communities exposed to PET in the environment, we isolated a novel bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, that is able to use PET as its major energy and carbon source. When grown on PET, this strain produces two enzymes capable of hydrolyzing PET and the reaction intermediate, mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid. Both enzymes are required to enzymatically convert PET efficiently into its two environmentally benign monomers, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
1,417 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that microplastic in rivers are a distinct microbial habitat and may be a novel vector for the downstream transport of unique bacterial assemblages, and suggested that urban rivers are an overlooked and potentially significant component of the global microplastics life cycle.
Abstract: Recent research has documented microplastic particles (< 5 mm in diameter) in ocean habitats worldwide and in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Microplastic interacts with biota, including microorganisms, in these habitats, raising concerns about its ecological effects. Rivers may transport microplastic to marine habitats and the Great Lakes, but data on microplastic in rivers is limited. In a highly urbanized river in Chicago, Illinois, USA, we measured concentrations of microplastic that met or exceeded those measured in oceans and the Great Lakes, and we demonstrated that wastewater treatment plant effluent was a point source of microplastic. Results from high-throughput sequencing showed that bacterial assemblages colonizing microplastic within the river were less diverse and were significantly different in taxonomic composition compared to those from the water column and suspended organic matter. Several taxa that include plastic decomposing organisms and pathogens were more abundant on microplastic. These...
986 citations
TL;DR: If extended to other soils and plastic types, the processes unravelled here suggest that microplastics are relevant long-term anthropogenic stressors and drivers of global change in terrestrial ecosystems.
Abstract: Soils are essential components of terrestrial ecosystems that experience strong pollution pressure. Microplastic contamination of soils is being increasingly documented, with potential consequences for soil biodiversity and function. Notwithstanding, data on effects of such contaminants on fundamental properties potentially impacting soil biota are lacking. The present study explores the potential of microplastics to disturb vital relationships between soil and water, as well as its consequences for soil structure and microbial function. During a 5-weeks garden experiment we exposed a loamy sand soil to environmentally relevant nominal concentrations (up to 2%) of four common microplastic types (polyacrylic fibers, polyamide beads, polyester fibers, and polyethylene fragments). Then, we measured bulk density, water holding capacity, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregation, and microbial activity. Microplastics affected the bulk density, water holding capacity, and the functional relationship between the microbial activity and water stable aggregates. The effects are underestimated if idiosyncrasies of particle type and concentrations are neglected, suggesting that purely qualitative environmental microplastic data might be of limited value for the assessment of effects in soil. If extended to other soils and plastic types, the processes unravelled here suggest that microplastics are relevant long-term anthropogenic stressors and drivers of global change in terrestrial ecosystems.
791 citations