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Journal ArticleDOI

The Department of Health and Human Services.

01 Jul 1999-Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for The Home Care and Hospice Professional (Home Healthc Nurse)-Vol. 17, Iss: 7, pp 461-462
TL;DR: This letter is in response to your two Citizen Petitions, requesting that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) require a cancer warning on cosmetic talc products.
Abstract: This letter is in response to your two Citizen Petitions dated November 17, 1994 and May 13, 2008, requesting that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) require a cancer warning on cosmetic talc products. Your 1994 Petition requests that all cosmetic talc bear labels with a warning such as \"Talcum powder causes cancer in laboratory animals. Frequent talc application in the female genital area increases the risk of ovarian cancer.\" Additionally, your 2008 Petition requests that cosmetic talcum powder products bear labels with a prominent warning such as: \"Frequent talc application in the female genital area is responsible for major risks of ovarian cancer.\" Further, both of your Petitions specifically request, pursuant to 21 CFR 1 0.30(h)(2), a hearing for you to present scientific evidence in support of this petition.
Citations
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BookDOI
01 Nov 2000
TL;DR: From Neurons to Neighborhoods as discussed by the authors presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how children learn to learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior, and examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Abstract: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

5,295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Diagnostic Criteria of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Key Laboratory Features of N TM Health Careand Hygiene-associated Disease Prevention Prophylaxis and Treatment of NTM Disease Introduction Methods.
Abstract: Diagnostic Criteria of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Key Laboratory Features of NTM Health Careand Hygiene-associated Disease Prevention Prophylaxis and Treatment of NTM Disease Introduction Methods Taxonomy Epidemiology Pathogenesis Host Defense and Immune Defects Pulmonary Disease Body Morphotype Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition Laboratory Procedures Collection, Digestion, Decontamination, and Staining of Specimens Respiratory Specimens Body Fluids, Abscesses, and Tissues Blood Specimen Processing Smear Microscopy Culture Techniques Incubation of NTM Cultures NTM Identification Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for NTM Molecular Typing Methods of NTM Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Criteria Pulmonary Disease Cystic Fibrosis Hypersensitivity-like Disease Transplant Recipients Disseminated Disease Lymphatic Disease Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Disease

4,969 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to improve cardiovascular health.
Abstract: Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to improve cardiovascular health. In 2013, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Advisory

4,604 citations

Book
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theory of intergroup relations from visiousness to viciousness, and the psychology of group dominance, as well as the dynamics of the criminal justice system.
Abstract: Part I. From There to Here - Theoretical Background: 1. From visiousness to viciousness: theories of intergroup relations 2. Social dominance theory as a new synthesis Part II. Oppression and its Psycho-Ideological Elements: 3. The psychology of group dominance: social dominance orientation 4. Let's both agree that you're really stupid: the power of consensual ideology Part III. The Circle of Oppression - The Myriad Expressions of Institutional Discrimination: 5. You stay in your part of town and I'll stay in mine: discrimination in the housing and retail markets 6. They're just too lazy to work: discrimination in the labor market 7. They're just mentally and physically unfit: discrimination in education and health care 8. The more of 'them' in prison, the better: institutional terror, social control and the dynamics of the criminal justice system Part IV. Oppression as a Cooperative Game: 9. Social hierarchy and asymmetrical group behavior: social hierarchy and group difference in behavior 10. Sex and power: the intersecting political psychologies of patriarchy and empty-set hierarchy 11. Epilogue.

3,970 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: The authors in this article estimated the direct medical and indirect productivity-related costs attributable to diabetes and calculated the total and per capita medical expenditures for people with and without diabetes in the United States.
Abstract: Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death by disease in the U.S. Diabetes also contributes to higher rates of morbidity-people with diabetes are at higher risk for heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, extremity amputations, and other chronic conditions. This study estimates the direct medical and indirect productivity-related costs attributable to diabetes and calculates the total and per capita medical expenditures for people with and without diabetes. Direct medical and indirect expenditures attributable to diabetes in 2002 were estimated at 132 billion US dollars. Direct medical expenditures alone totaled 91.8 billion US dollars and comprised 23.2 billion US dollars for diabetes care, 24.6 billion US dollars for chronic complications attributable to diabetes, and 44.1 billion US dollars for excess prevalence of general medical conditions. Inpatient days (43.9%), nursing home care (15.1%), and office visits (10.9%) constituted the major expenditure groups by service settings. In addition, 51.8% of direct medical expenditures were incurred by people >65 years old. The estimated 132 billion US dollars cost likely underestimates the true burden of diabetes because it omits intangibles, such as pain and suffering, care provided by nonpaid caregivers.

3,818 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This herbal mixture of Ma Huang and Guarana effectively promoted short-term weight and fat loss and safety with long-term use requires further investigation.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine in overweight humans the short-term safety and efficacy for weight loss of an herbal supplement containing Ma Huang, Guarana and other ingredients. DESIGN: An 8 week randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study of a herbal dietary supplement (72 mg/day ephedrine alkaloids and 240 mg/day caffeine). SUBJECTS: Overweight men and women (body mass index, ≥29 and ≤35 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome variable was body weight change. Secondary variables included anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular changes. RESULTS: Sixty-seven subjects were randomized to either placebo (n=32) or active Ma Huang/Guarana (n=35). Twenty-four subjects in each group completed the study. Active treatment produced significantly (P<0.006) greater loss of weight (X±s.d.,−4.0±3.4 kg) and fat (−2.1±3.0% fat) over the 8-week treatment period than did placebo (−0.8±2.4 kg and 0.2±2.3% fat). Active treatment also produced greater reductions in hip circumference and serum triglyceride levels. Eight of the 35 actively treated subjects (23%) and none of the 32 placebo-treated control subjects withdrew from the protocol because of potential treatment-related effects. Dry mouth, insomnia and headache were the adverse symptoms reported most frequently by the herbal vs placebo group at the final evaluation visit. CONCLUSIONS: This herbal mixture of Ma Huang and Guarana effectively promoted short-term weight and fat loss. Safety with long-term use requires further investigation.

224 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A historical context for the difficult ethical and clinical issues associated with the inclusion of women and members of minority groups in clinical research is provided.
Abstract: The author provides a historical context for the difficult ethical and clinical issues associated with the inclusion of women and members of minority groups in clinical research. He cites as a point of departure the Nuremberg Code of the late 1940s, which declared the fundamental dignity of human beings involved as research subjects, a principle that was quickly endorsed worldwide. From the period following World War II through the 1970s, the prevailing attitude--not always practiced--toward research subjects in the United States was that they should be protected from exploitation. That attitude was reflected in the first broad federal policy on research subjects, created in 1966. During those years, research was widely regarded by the public as dangerous and of little value to individual participants; it is remarkable that so many men and women consented to participate in clinical studies at that time. Furthermore, during the 1970s, for reasons explained by the author, various events--the abortion debate, disclosures from the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study, Nixon's "war on cancer," new federal regulations in 1974 and 1975 (the latter providing additional protection for pregnant women in research), the broad interpretation of the FDA's 1977 policy excluding pregnant or potentially pregnant women from clinical trials, and the tendency of blacks and persons from other minority groups to shun participation in research--tended to deter participation of women and members of minority groups in clinical research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

188 citations


"The Department of Health and Human ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Recognizing the importance of both recruitment and retention of human subject volunteers, NIH issued several articles((9-10)) and an outreach notebook, entitled Outreach Notebook for the NIH Guidelines on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research, that outlines elements of outreach processes, offers practical suggestions, and provides references to additional sources of information....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the most common adverse outcomes that have been reported with silicone gel breast implants and focuses on silicone breast implants rather than saline-filled implants, which have been the focus of the greatest health concerns.
Abstract: Purpose: To review the range of local and systemic complications attributed to silicone breast implants and to evaluate the epidemiologic literature on these complications. Data Sources: Epidemiolo...

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the serum levels of TCDD and specific dioxin-like PHAH congeners were increased in TCDd-treated animals with endometriosis 13 years after the T CDD exposure, and the severity of disease correlated with the serum concentration of 3,3',4,4'-TCB.

118 citations


"The Department of Health and Human ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...• The rhesus monkeys from the study used as the basis of the ATSDR MRL have been found to have significantly increased PCB body burdens compared to the control monkeys from that study more than 15 years after the last exposure to TCDD (Rier et al. 2001)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: EAPs are becoming a more prevalent point of access to health care for workers with personal problems such as substance abuse, family problems, or emotional distress by worksite size, industry, and census region.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are job-based programs designed to identify and assist troubled employees. This study determines the prevalence, cost, and characteristics of these programs in the United States by worksite size, industry, and census region. METHODS: A stratified national probability sample of more than 6400 private, nonagricultural US worksites with 50 or more full-time employees was contacted with a computer-assisted telephone interviewing protocol. More than 3200 worksites responded and were eligible, with a response rate of 90%. RESULTS: Approximately 33% of all private, nonagricultural worksites with 50 or more full-time employees currently offer EAP services to their employees, an 8.9% increase over 1985. These programs are more likely to be found in larger worksites and in the communications/utilities/transportation industries. The most popular model is an external provider, and the median annual cost per eligible employee for internal and external programs was $21.83...

103 citations