Book•
The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense and Ethics
01 Sep 2016-
TL;DR: In this paper, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology.
Abstract: Dialogue has become a central theoretical concept in human and social sciences as well as in professions such as education, health, and psychotherapy. This 'dialogical turn' emphasises the importance of social relations and interaction to our behaviour and how we make sense of the world; hence the dialogical mind is the mind in interaction with others - with individuals, groups, institutions, and cultures in historical perspectives. Through a combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical investigation, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology. The dialogical perspective, which focuses on interdependencies among the self and others, offers a powerful theoretical basis to comprehend, analyse, and discuss complex social issues. Markova considers the implications of dialogical epistemology both in daily life and in professional practices involving problems of communication, care, and therapy.
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79 citations
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors trace the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies.
Abstract: How has recent AI Ethics literature addressed topics such as fairness and justice in the context of continued social and structural power asymmetries? We trace both the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies. We also survey the field and explore emerging trends by examining the rapidly growing body of literature that falls under the broad umbrella of AI Ethics. To that end, we read and annotated peer-reviewed papers published over the past four years in two premier conferences: FAccT and AIES. We organize the literature based on an annotation scheme we developed according to three main dimensions: whether the paper deals with concrete applications, use-cases, and/or people’s lived experience; to what extent it addresses harmed, threatened, or otherwise marginalized groups; and if so, whether it explicitly names such groups. We note that although the goals of the majority of FAccT and AIES papers were often commendable, their consideration of the negative impacts of AI on traditionally marginalized groups remained shallow. Taken together, our conceptual analysis and the data from annotated papers indicate that the field would benefit from an increased focus on ethical analysis grounded in concrete use-cases, people’s experiences, and applications as well as from approaches that are sensitive to structural and historical power asymmetries.
33 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future.
Abstract: On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems "pick up" patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies is explained and justified, drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, and explaining the meaning of generalization from case studies.
Abstract: Drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, this introduction explains and justifies the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies. We clarify the meaning of d...
30 citations
Cites background or methods from "The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense a..."
...As such, tensions between the holistic nature of the uniqueness and dynamics of ontologically interdependent Self–Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....
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...Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....
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...…to study dynamic and ethical interdependent units does not approach the construction of their case using a method of sampling that treats the Self as something other than an ethical being from whose unique communication with Others something important can be known (see also Marková, 2016)....
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References
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: Knowledge has been seen as an epistemic form opposed to belief, whereas for the external observer knowledge carries the possiblity mid the promise of truth, belief rests on the uncertainties associated with the bias of subject, society and culture.
Abstract: Traditionally, knowledge has been seen as an epistemic form opposed to belief. Whereas for the external observer knowledge carries the possi¬bility mid the promise of truth, belief rests on the uncertainties associated with the bias of subject, society and culture. In this paper I would like to problematise this view by proposing knowledge as a more encompassing term that can comprise different epistemic forms and ultimately different rationalities. Knowledge, I argue, is a plural and plastic form that needs to be understood as an action grounded in the network of relationships from which it emerges and in which it becomes possible. This argument rests in. the analysis of representation, how it works and the functions it aims to fulfil. In order to capture diversity in knowledge it is crucial to cap¬ture the constituents of representation and its social psychological func¬tioning: Once we understand that the aims of representation can be diver¬se and related to the different objectives and functions of a form of kno¬wing in social life, the over-sharp distinction between knowledge and belief collapses. I shall expand this argument by suggesting that different forms of knowing need to be assessed in terms of what they want to repre¬sent and how the desire to represent shapes the process of constructing knowledge. Based on this conceptualisation I shall introduce a typology of forms of knowing which I hope can help to dismantle classical views that see knowledge in terms of a hierarchical scale where lower forms progress towards a higher. better, and more « civilised » form of knowing.
87 citations
Book•
01 Feb 1978
86 citations
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: The Bogdan Index as discussed by the authors describes the folklore of the mind as a "folk psychology and the explanation of the human mind." The Bogdan index is based on the Bogdan approach.
Abstract: 1. The folklore of the mind Radu J. Bogdan 2. Analysis without noise Jonathan Bennett 3. Folk psychology and the explanation Paul M. Churchland 4. Methodological reflections on belief Robert Cummins 5. Consciousness and content Colin McGinn 6. The inevitability of folk psychology Adam Morton 7. How is eliminative materialism possible? Alexander Rosenberg 8. The long past and the short history Kathleen V. Wilkes 9. Common sense naturalized: the practical stance Radu J. Bogdan Index.
85 citations
TL;DR: According to Aristotle, Metaphysics (a) 2.3, 995a7-8, there are people who will take seriously the arguments of a speaker (including, it seems, those of a philosopher) only if a poet can be cited as a "witness" in support of them as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: According to Aristotle, Metaphysics (a) 2.3, 995a7–8, there are people who will take seriously the arguments of a speaker (including, it seems, those of a philosopher) only if a poet can be cited as a ‘witness’ in support of them. Aristotle's passing observation sharply reminds us that Greek philosophy had developed within, and was surrounded by, a culture which extensively valued the authority of the poetic word and the poet's ‘voice’ from which it emanated. The currency of ideas, values, and images disseminated through familiarity with poetry had always been a force with which philosophy, in its various manifestations, needed to reckon. As a mode of thought and discourse which proclaimed its aspiration to wisdom, philosophy could not easily eschew some degree of dialogue with an art whose practitioners had traditionally (and for much longer than anyone had been called a ‘philosopher') been ranked prominently among the sophoi. Even Aristotle, who keeps aloof from the assumption that philosophical contentions stand in need of poetic support, cites and quotes poetry regularly in his own writings in ways which indicate the influence on him of a prevailing mentality that regarded poets and philosophers as pursuers, up to a point at least, of a common wisdom.
84 citations
Book•
15 Feb 1963
TL;DR: Fisch as discussed by the authors discusses the relationship between Vico's Autobiography and the New Science and the Genesis of the new science in the context of the 19th-century Industrial Revolution.
Abstract: Preface INTRODUCTION by Max Harold Fisch I. Porcia's "Proposal" and Vico's Autobiography II. The Autobiography and the New Science III. The New Science A. The European Background B. The Genesis of the New Science C. The Principles of the New Science IV. Vico's Reputation and Influence A. In Italy B. In Germany C. In France D. In Great Britain and Ireland E. In the United States F. In the Marxist TraditionTHE LIFE OF GIAMBATTISTA VICO Part A, 1725 Part B, 1725, 1728 Continuation by the Author, 1731 Continuation by Villarosa, 1818Notes to the Introduction Notes to the Autobiography Supplementary Notes (1962) Chronological Table Index of Personal Names -- Cornell University Press
84 citations