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The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense and Ethics

01 Sep 2016-
TL;DR: In this paper, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology.
Abstract: Dialogue has become a central theoretical concept in human and social sciences as well as in professions such as education, health, and psychotherapy. This 'dialogical turn' emphasises the importance of social relations and interaction to our behaviour and how we make sense of the world; hence the dialogical mind is the mind in interaction with others - with individuals, groups, institutions, and cultures in historical perspectives. Through a combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical investigation, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology. The dialogical perspective, which focuses on interdependencies among the self and others, offers a powerful theoretical basis to comprehend, analyse, and discuss complex social issues. Markova considers the implications of dialogical epistemology both in daily life and in professional practices involving problems of communication, care, and therapy.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

35 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors trace the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies.
Abstract: How has recent AI Ethics literature addressed topics such as fairness and justice in the context of continued social and structural power asymmetries? We trace both the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies. We also survey the field and explore emerging trends by examining the rapidly growing body of literature that falls under the broad umbrella of AI Ethics. To that end, we read and annotated peer-reviewed papers published over the past four years in two premier conferences: FAccT and AIES. We organize the literature based on an annotation scheme we developed according to three main dimensions: whether the paper deals with concrete applications, use-cases, and/or people’s lived experience; to what extent it addresses harmed, threatened, or otherwise marginalized groups; and if so, whether it explicitly names such groups. We note that although the goals of the majority of FAccT and AIES papers were often commendable, their consideration of the negative impacts of AI on traditionally marginalized groups remained shallow. Taken together, our conceptual analysis and the data from annotated papers indicate that the field would benefit from an increased focus on ethical analysis grounded in concrete use-cases, people’s experiences, and applications as well as from approaches that are sensitive to structural and historical power asymmetries.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article argued that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future.
Abstract: On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems "pick up" patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies is explained and justified, drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, and explaining the meaning of generalization from case studies.
Abstract: Drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, this introduction explains and justifies the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies. We clarify the meaning of d...

30 citations


Cites background or methods from "The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense a..."

  • ...As such, tensions between the holistic nature of the uniqueness and dynamics of ontologically interdependent Self–Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....

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  • ...Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....

    [...]

  • ...…to study dynamic and ethical interdependent units does not approach the construction of their case using a method of sampling that treats the Self as something other than an ethical being from whose unique communication with Others something important can be known (see also Marková, 2016)....

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References
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Book
24 Nov 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the lost world of social psychology and the rediscovery of the social in social psychology, and the importance of the individualism and the social mind.
Abstract: Preface Introduction. What happened to the social in social psychology? 1. The lost world 2. Wundt and Volkerpsychologie 3. Durkheim and social facts 4. The social and the psychological 5. Social psychology and the 'social mind' 6. Individualism and the social 7. Crowds, publics and experimental social psychology 8. Crossroads 9. Crisis 10. The rediscovery of the social? References Index.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim is to work toward an integration of Bakhtin's theoretical concepts with good practices in qualitative research in order to make sense of family therapy dialogues.
Abstract: In recent years, a number of family therapists have conceptualized psychotherapy as a dialogical activity. This view presents family therapy researchers with specific challenges, the most important of which is to find ways of dealing with the dialogical qualities of the multi-actor dialogues that occur, for example, in family therapeutic conversations. In this article, we propose some preliminary ideas concerning qualitative investigations of multi-actor dialogues. Our aim is to work toward an integration of Bakhtin’s theoretical concepts with good practices in qualitative research (e.g., dialogical tools and concepts of a narrative processes coding system) in order to make sense of family therapy dialogues. A specific method that we have called Dialogical Methods for Investigations of Happening of Change is described. This method allows for a general categorization of the qualities of responsive dialogues in a single session, and also for a detailed focus on particular sequences through a microanalysis of specific topical episodes. The particular focus is on the voices present in the utterances, the positioning of each speaker, and the addressees of the utterances. The method is illustrated via an analysis of a couple therapy session with a depressed woman and her husband.

83 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: For instance, in 16 of the past 17 Gallup Polls on education, pupil discipline has been the most frequent criticism leveled against public schcxjls in America as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: America's public schools should restore proper emphasis on what has been the dominant concern of education throughout the ages. W ithin the recent past, Ameri can education substantially disassociated itself from what may be called the great tradition in education: the deliberate transmission of moral values to students. Despite this separation, many education re forms are being considered or are under way to increase the academic demands made on students These re forms can be generally helpful; how ever, unless they are sensitive to the implications of our break with the great tradition, their effect on student conduct and morality may be transi tory or even harmful To understand the significance of the great tradition, we must engage in a form of con sciousness-raising by enriching our understanding of the past and by un derstanding the misperceptions that pervade contemporary education. The transmission of moral values has been the dominant educational concern of most cultures throughout history Most educational systems have been simultaneously concerned with the transmission of cognitive knowl edge skills, information, and tech niques of intellectual analysis but these admittedly important education al aims, have rarely been given priority over moral education. The current policies in American education that give secondary priority to transmitting morality represent a sharp fracture with the great tradition Our break with the past is especially significant in view of the increase since the early 1950s of youth disor der: suicide, homicide, and out-ofwedlock births Patterns revealed by statistics coincide with popular con ceptions about these behaviors For instance, in 16 of the past 17 Gallup Polls on education, pupil discipline has been the most frequent criticism leveled against public schcxjls. One may wonder if better discipline codes and more homework are adequate remedies for our current school prob lems, or whether these dysfunctions are more profound and should be treated with more sensitive and com plex remedies Although literacy and student diligence are unquestionably worthy of pursuit, they are only a part of the process of communicating seri ous morality If we want to improve the ways we are now transmitting mo rality, it makes sense to recall the way morality was transmitted before youth disorder became such a distressing

83 citations

Book
01 Jan 1987

83 citations