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The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense and Ethics

01 Sep 2016-
TL;DR: In this paper, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology.
Abstract: Dialogue has become a central theoretical concept in human and social sciences as well as in professions such as education, health, and psychotherapy. This 'dialogical turn' emphasises the importance of social relations and interaction to our behaviour and how we make sense of the world; hence the dialogical mind is the mind in interaction with others - with individuals, groups, institutions, and cultures in historical perspectives. Through a combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical investigation, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology. The dialogical perspective, which focuses on interdependencies among the self and others, offers a powerful theoretical basis to comprehend, analyse, and discuss complex social issues. Markova considers the implications of dialogical epistemology both in daily life and in professional practices involving problems of communication, care, and therapy.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

35 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors trace the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies.
Abstract: How has recent AI Ethics literature addressed topics such as fairness and justice in the context of continued social and structural power asymmetries? We trace both the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies. We also survey the field and explore emerging trends by examining the rapidly growing body of literature that falls under the broad umbrella of AI Ethics. To that end, we read and annotated peer-reviewed papers published over the past four years in two premier conferences: FAccT and AIES. We organize the literature based on an annotation scheme we developed according to three main dimensions: whether the paper deals with concrete applications, use-cases, and/or people’s lived experience; to what extent it addresses harmed, threatened, or otherwise marginalized groups; and if so, whether it explicitly names such groups. We note that although the goals of the majority of FAccT and AIES papers were often commendable, their consideration of the negative impacts of AI on traditionally marginalized groups remained shallow. Taken together, our conceptual analysis and the data from annotated papers indicate that the field would benefit from an increased focus on ethical analysis grounded in concrete use-cases, people’s experiences, and applications as well as from approaches that are sensitive to structural and historical power asymmetries.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article argued that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future.
Abstract: On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems "pick up" patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies is explained and justified, drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, and explaining the meaning of generalization from case studies.
Abstract: Drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, this introduction explains and justifies the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies. We clarify the meaning of d...

30 citations


Cites background or methods from "The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense a..."

  • ...As such, tensions between the holistic nature of the uniqueness and dynamics of ontologically interdependent Self–Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....

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  • ...Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....

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  • ...…to study dynamic and ethical interdependent units does not approach the construction of their case using a method of sampling that treats the Self as something other than an ethical being from whose unique communication with Others something important can be known (see also Marková, 2016)....

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References
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Book
26 Feb 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of knowledge has been studied in the context of empiricist psychology and rationalism in the setting of rationalism defended: Descartes, Kant and the synthetic a priori.
Abstract: 1. The problem of knowledge 2. Scepticism under attack 3. Scepticism regarding the senses 4. Empiricist psychology 5. Idea-ism, appearance and reality 6. Primary and secondary qualities 7. Berkeley: idea-ism becomes idealism 8. Hume: idea-ism becomes irrationalism 9. Countering Hume on induction 10. The Rationalist alternative 11. Rationalism defended: Descartes 12. Kant and the synthetic a priori 13. Alternative geometries 14. Truth and truth-theories 15. Fallibilist realism.

50 citations

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a meta-model of psychotherapy process, which claims that all therapies strive to create a joint observational stance for making sense of clients' problematic experiences.
Abstract: Dialogical sequence analysis (DSA) is a microanalytic method of analyzing utterances. Based on Mikahil Bakhtin's theory of utterance it states that, when communicating, individuals simultaneously position themselves with regard to the referential object and the addressee. Depending "about what" people are speaking and "to whom" they direct their words affect the style and composition of their utterances. Such positioning is semiotic in the sense that the referential object is always construed by personal and historically formed meanings. The historicity of subjective construal applies to the addressee as well. Utterances are often complicated by the fact that there are often hidden or invisible addressees in addition to the ostensible interlocutor. DSA developed in the context of psychotherapy supervision and process research. The article introduces a meta-model of psychotherapy process, which claims that all therapies strive to create a joint observational stance for making sense of clients' problematic experiences. Hence, the psychotherapies provide a natural laboratory within which internal experiences become tangible through expressions and utterances. The fundamental unit of analyzing the double positioning in relation to the topic and the addressees is semiotic position. Being a relational concept, it cannot be used to single out and categorize distinct units of speech. The way by which semiotic positions are identified in DSA will be illustrated by three excerpts from psychotherapy literature. Psychotherapy research is a disciplined reflection of therapeutic practices. Clients and therapists work jointly toward an understanding of the client's presenting problems and attempt to find productive solutions, alternative ways of action or more constructive ways of relating to the problem. The psychotherapy researcher is an outsider that observes and examines the recordings of therapeutic exchanges or the pre- controlled constructions of clients and therapists that have been generated through interviews, rating scales, or structured recalls. The researcher is trying to make sense, afterwards, of an extremely complex process of joint action and communication that are mediated by the participants' ways of understanding what they are doing together and what the problem at hand is.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore Vico's contribution to the solution of the problem of socio-psychological or socio-historical processes which produce not just single individuals but collective individualities or social identities.
Abstract: Currently there is a need for an account of the socio-psychological or socio-historical processes which produce not just single individuals but ‘collective individualities’ or ‘social identities’. This paper explores Vico's contribution to the solution of this problem. His account of such socio-historical processes is unique in suggesting that socio-historical processes develop neither by chance nor by necessity, but providentially, i.e. by the ‘organized settings’ people construct in their own past activities, providing a set of enabling constraints for their current activities. Thus social processes are based, he claims, not upon anything pre-established either in people or their surroundings, but in socially shared identities of feeling they themselves create in the flow of activity between them. These identities he calls ‘sensory topics’—‘topics’ (Greek topos = ‘place’) because they give rise to ‘commonplaces’, i.e. to shared moments in a flow of social activity which afford common reference, and ‘sensory’ because they are moments in which shared feelings for already shared circumstances are created. These, he claims, constitute the prelinguistic origins of a social order, the paradigms or prototypes from which more organized, conceptual forms of communication may be derived. His account of socio-historical processes has implications for how we, as social psychologists, (1) should ‘place’ or situate ourselves in relation to those we study in our investigations, (2) for how we might formulate our topics of study, and (3) for the form in which we should communicate our results to those we study.

47 citations