Book•
The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense and Ethics
01 Sep 2016-
TL;DR: In this paper, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology.
Abstract: Dialogue has become a central theoretical concept in human and social sciences as well as in professions such as education, health, and psychotherapy. This 'dialogical turn' emphasises the importance of social relations and interaction to our behaviour and how we make sense of the world; hence the dialogical mind is the mind in interaction with others - with individuals, groups, institutions, and cultures in historical perspectives. Through a combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical investigation, Markova presents an ethics of dialogicality as an alternative to the narrow perspective of individualism and cognitivism that has traditionally dominated the field of social psychology. The dialogical perspective, which focuses on interdependencies among the self and others, offers a powerful theoretical basis to comprehend, analyse, and discuss complex social issues. Markova considers the implications of dialogical epistemology both in daily life and in professional practices involving problems of communication, care, and therapy.
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79 citations
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors trace the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies.
Abstract: How has recent AI Ethics literature addressed topics such as fairness and justice in the context of continued social and structural power asymmetries? We trace both the historical roots and current landmark work that have been shaping the field and categorize these works under three broad umbrellas: (i) those grounded in Western canonical philosophy, (ii) mathematical and statistical methods, and (iii) those emerging from critical data/algorithm/information studies. We also survey the field and explore emerging trends by examining the rapidly growing body of literature that falls under the broad umbrella of AI Ethics. To that end, we read and annotated peer-reviewed papers published over the past four years in two premier conferences: FAccT and AIES. We organize the literature based on an annotation scheme we developed according to three main dimensions: whether the paper deals with concrete applications, use-cases, and/or people’s lived experience; to what extent it addresses harmed, threatened, or otherwise marginalized groups; and if so, whether it explicitly names such groups. We note that although the goals of the majority of FAccT and AIES papers were often commendable, their consideration of the negative impacts of AI on traditionally marginalized groups remained shallow. Taken together, our conceptual analysis and the data from annotated papers indicate that the field would benefit from an increased focus on ethical analysis grounded in concrete use-cases, people’s experiences, and applications as well as from approaches that are sensitive to structural and historical power asymmetries.
33 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future.
Abstract: On the one hand, complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches emphasize that people, as complex adaptive systems, are ambiguous, indeterminable, and inherently unpredictable. On the other, Machine Learning (ML) systems that claim to predict human behaviour are becoming ubiquitous in all spheres of social life. I contend that ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML systems are close descendants of the Cartesian and Newtonian worldview in so far as they are tools that fundamentally sort, categorize, and classify the world, and forecast the future. Through the practice of clustering, sorting, and predicting human behaviour and action, these systems impose order, equilibrium, and stability to the active, fluid, messy, and unpredictable nature of human behaviour and the social world at large. Grounded in complexity science and enactive and embodied cognitive science approaches, this article emphasizes why people, embedded in social systems, are indeterminable and unpredictable. When ML systems "pick up" patterns and clusters, this often amounts to identifying historically and socially held norms, conventions, and stereotypes. Machine prediction of social behaviour, I argue, is not only erroneous but also presents real harm to those at the margins of society.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies is explained and justified, drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, and explaining the meaning of generalization from case studies.
Abstract: Drawing on historical, theoretical and cultural knowledge, this introduction explains and justifies the importance of generalisation from dialogical single case studies. We clarify the meaning of d...
30 citations
Cites background or methods from "The Dialogical Mind: Common Sense a..."
...As such, tensions between the holistic nature of the uniqueness and dynamics of ontologically interdependent Self–Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....
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...Other units, and the methodological tools with which such units are studied, remain (Grossen, 2010; Marková, 2016)....
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...…to study dynamic and ethical interdependent units does not approach the construction of their case using a method of sampling that treats the Self as something other than an ethical being from whose unique communication with Others something important can be known (see also Marková, 2016)....
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References
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TL;DR: The role of rationality in sociological theory is explored in this paper, which casts serious doubt on the notion of the science of the irrational lacking a conception of rationality by using pertinent examples from classical and post-classical (or early contemporary) sociological theories.
Abstract: This paper explores the role of the concept of rationality in (especially classical) sociological theory This exploration is prompted by widely held views, especially among economists and rational choice theorists, that classical sociology is the science of the irrational lacking a conception of rationality By using pertinent examples (mostly) from classical and post-classical (or early contemporary) sociological theory, the paper casts serious doubt on such claims Specifically, classical sociological theory is characterized by the following features in analyzing rationality: conceptual and methodological pluralism, theoretical and empirical richness, treating rationality as a complex social phenomenon, differentiating economic and noneconomic rationality, acknowledging the social character and foundation of (economic) rationality, and contrasting epistemological or scientific rationality and ontological or reallife irrationality, including the revelation of the irrationality of extreme (economic) rationality
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show how modem biological, evolutionary, and anthropological discourses have each been constituted within this dialogue, bounded on one side by the opposition between humanity and nature, and on the other side by opposition between living and non-living things, each issuing from a different "position" in the dialogue, and each trying to present a completely systematic account of life by privileging just one or more side in the oppositions mentioned above.
Abstract: thought, one that has been with us for many centuries, between the thesis of humanity’s separation from the world of nature, and the counter-thesis that humankind exists alongside other life-forms on an uninterrupted continuum or chain of being’. And he goes on to show how modem biological, evolutionary, and anthropological discourses have each been ’constituted within this dialogue, bounded on one side by the opposition between humanity and nature, and on the other side by the opposition between living and non-living things’ (p. 209), each issuing from a different ’position’ in the dialogue, and each trying to present a completely systematic account of life by privileging just one or the other side in the oppositions mentioned above. In his ’deconstruction’
18 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the constancy of human nature and the self-development of reason are discussed, and the ideal eternal history of the human mind is discussed, as well as the relation between the two.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Hume: the constancy of human nature 2. Hegel: the self-development of reason 3. Vico: the ideal eternal history 4. Conclusion Bibliography Index.
18 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a set of outils d'analyse adaptes traitant de la gestualite dans la communication, des phenomenes de deixis and de la projection de la pensee dans l'espace corporel.
Abstract: La communication avec des personnes gravement deficientes et ressenties comme peu aptes a la communication constitue un veritable defi pour leur entourage familial ou professionnel. L’un des points d’entree dans cette problematique consiste a se doter d’outils semiotiques permettant de comprendre les expressions, aussi limitees soient-elles. Toute recherche et toute pratique en ce domaine exigent une epistemologie pertinente (par exemple le dialogisme et la perspective de seconde personne) et des outils d’analyse adaptes traitant de la gestualite dans la communication, des phenomenes de deixis et de la projection de la pensee dans l’espace corporel. Des exemples concrets permettront de comprendre comment ces notions au prime abord abstraites permettent d’acceder a l’univers de ces personnes « qui ne parlent pas », de comprendre leurs expressions et de les rencontrer dans une dynamique de communication contribuant a la construction de leur identite.
17 citations