Journal ArticleDOI
The Difficulty of Defining Mindfulness: Current Thought and Critical Issues
Alberto Chiesa,Alberto Chiesa +1 more
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In this article, the authors summarize traditional and current perspectives about mindfulness, discuss the extent to which modern definitions of mindfulness differ from more traditional definitions and, more specifically, the limitations of current questionnaires that are thought to measure mindfulness levels, and provide suggestions for future research on this topic.Abstract:
In the last decade, a surge of interest has been directed towards the empirical investigation of the concept and applications of mindfulness. If one considers the increasing evidence about the clinical benefits and the psychological and neurobiological correlates of current mindfulness based interventions (MBIs), it is surprising that significantly lower effort has been directed towards the achievement of a consensus about an unequivocal operationalization of mindfulness within modern Western psychology. Accordingly, the present review aims to summarize traditional and current perspectives about mindfulness, to discuss the extent to which modern definitions of mindfulness differ from more traditional definitions and, more specifically, the limitations of current questionnaires that are thought to measure mindfulness levels, and to provide suggestions for future research on this topic. In sum, according to authors well versed in the original Buddhist literature, from which several MBIs are overtly or implicitly derived, modern attempts to operationalize mindfulness have consistently failed to provide an unequivocal definition of mindfulness, which takes into account the complexity of the original definitions of mindfulness. Although the concept of mindfulness remains elusive and difficult to capture by means of modern self-report questionnaires, however, several alternatives exist that could shed light on closely related constructs, which could deepen our understanding of mindfulness and that could lead to the development of new, not yet considered, categories of psychological effects associated with mindfulness training.read more
Citations
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Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis.
TL;DR: MBSR is moderately effective in reducing stress, depression, anxiety and distress and in ameliorating the quality of life of healthy individuals; however, more research is warranted to identify the most effective elements of MBSR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness: top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy?
TL;DR: It is suggested that mindfulness training is associated with 'top-down' emotion regulation in short-term practitioners and with 'bottom-up' emotionregulation in long-term practice andLimitations of current evidence and suggestions for future research on this topic are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are mindfulness-based interventions effective for substance use disorders? A systematic review of the evidence.
TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that MBIs can reduce the consumption of several substances including alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana, cigarettes, and opiates to a significantly greater extent than waitlist controls, non-specific educational support groups, and some specific control groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Buddhist-Derived Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation for the Treatment of Psychopathology: a Systematic Review
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of LKM and compassion meditation intervention studies was conducted and the authors found significant improvements across five psychopathology-relevant outcome domains: (i) positive and negative affect, (ii) psychological distress, (iii) positive thinking, (iv) interpersonal relations, and (v) empathic accuracy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness Revisited A Buddhist-Based Conceptualization
TL;DR: This paper focused on attention enhancement, present-moment awareness, and its stress reduction effects, and the current operational definitions of mindfulness are narrow and focused on the attention enhancement and present moment awareness.
References
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The Benefits of Being Present: Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being
TL;DR: Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
TL;DR: The treatment of Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been studied extensively in the literature as discussed by the authors, with a focus on the treatment of the behavioral patterns of patients with BPD.
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Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Context: Past, Present, and Future
TL;DR: studies from the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society not reviewed by Baer but which raise a number of key questions about clinical applicability, study design, and mechanism of action are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
TL;DR: Mindfulness facets were shown to be differentially correlated in expected ways with several other constructs and to have incremental validity in the prediction of psychological symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mindfulness : A proposed operational definition
Scott R. Bishop,Mark A. Lau,Shauna L. Shapiro,Linda E. Carlson,Nicole D. Anderson,James Carmody,Zindel V. Segal,Susan E. Abbey,Michael Speca,Drew M. Velting,Gerald M. Devins +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-component model of mindfulness is proposed and each component is specified in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes, and discussed implications for instrument development and briefly describing their own approach to measurement.