The dynamics and regulation of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis.
TL;DR: This review synthesize and summarize the current knowledge on the progress of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis, and straighten out the chronological order of chromatis remodeling and illustrate the possible regulation mechanisms of each step.
About: This article is published in Gene.The article was published on 2019-07-20. It has received 51 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Chromatin remodeling & Chromatin.
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TL;DR: Evidence suggesting that these repeats are a payoff for the advantages of having abundant simple-sequence repeats for eukaryotic genome function and evolvability is described.
156 citations
TL;DR: Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the modification and replacement of histones during spermiogenesis will enable the identification of epigenetic biomarkers of male infertility, and shed light on potential therapies for these patients in the future.
Abstract: Spermiogenesis is a complex cellular differentiation process that the germ cells undergo a distinct morphological change, and the protamines replace the core histones to facilitate chromatin compaction in the sperm head. Recent studies show the essential roles of epigenetic events during the histone-to-protamine transition. Defects in either the replacement or the modification of histones might cause male infertility with azoospermia, oligospermia or teratozoospermia. Here, we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how epigenetic regulators, such as histone variants, histone modification and their related chromatin remodelers, facilitate the histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the modification and replacement of histones during spermiogenesis will enable the identification of epigenetic biomarkers of male infertility, and shed light on potential therapies for these patients in the future.
80 citations
TL;DR: The mechanism of sperm small RNA remodeling during post-testicular maturation in the epididymis, and the potential role of this reprograming in intergenerational epigenetic inheritance are explored.
Abstract: The most fundamental process for the perpetuation of a species is the transfer of information from parent to offspring. Although genomic DNA contributes to the majority of the inheritance, it is now clear that epigenetic information -information beyond the underlying DNA sequence - is also passed on to future generations. However, the mechanism and extent of such inheritance are not well-understood. Here, I review some of the concepts, evidence, and mechanisms of intergenerational epigenetic inheritance via sperm small RNAs. Recent studies provide evidence that mature sperm are highly abundant in small non-coding RNAs. These RNAs are modulated by paternal environmental conditions and potentially delivered to the zygote at fertilization, where they can regulate early embryonic development. Intriguingly, sperm small RNA payload undergoes dramatic changes during testicular and post-testicular maturation, making the mature sperm epigenome highly unique and distinct from testicular germ cells. I explore the mechanism of sperm small RNA remodeling during post-testicular maturation in the epididymis, and the potential role of this reprograming in intergenerational epigenetic inheritance.
79 citations
University of Science and Technology of China1, Nantong University2, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston3, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center4, Chinese Academy of Sciences5, Beijing Institute of Genomics6, Shanghai Jiao Tong University7, Population Council8, University of California, San Diego9
TL;DR: This work showed that the switching of A/B compartments between spermatogenic stages is tightly associated with meiosis-specific mRNAs and piRNAs expression and indicated that chromatin accessibility per se is not responsible for the TAD and loop diminishment at pachytene.
35 citations
TL;DR: This review integrates recent findings regarding the role of protein trafficking in sperm differentiation and proposes a model based on the current literature as a framework for future investigations.
Abstract: Sperm differentiation encompasses a complex sequence of morphological changes that takes place in the seminiferous epithelium. In this process, haploid round spermatids undergo substantial structural and functional alterations, resulting in highly polarized sperm. Hallmark changes during the differentiation process include the formation of new organelles, chromatin condensation and nuclear shaping, elimination of residual cytoplasm, and assembly of the sperm flagella. To achieve these transformations, spermatids have unique mechanisms for protein trafficking that operate in a coordinated fashion. Microtubules and filaments of actin are the main tracks used to facilitate the transport mechanisms, assisted by motor and non-motor proteins, for delivery of vesicular and non-vesicular cargos to specific sites. This review integrates recent findings regarding the role of protein trafficking in sperm differentiation. Although a complete characterization of the interactome of proteins involved in these temporal and spatial processes is not yet known, we propose a model based on the current literature as a framework for future investigations.
28 citations
Cites background from "The dynamics and regulation of chro..."
...(5) The last mechanism proposed to influence nuclear shaping is chromatin condensation via replacement of histones by transition proteins and then protamines [55]....
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References
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