The Ecotourium Concept and Tourism-Conservation Symbiosis
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508 citations
Cites background from "The Ecotourium Concept and Tourism-..."
...Fennell and Weaver (2005) propose the establishment of a network of ‘ecotourisms’ consisting of existing protected areas in which visitors would play a major personal role in enhancing and rehabilitating park habitat....
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Cites background from "The Ecotourium Concept and Tourism-..."
...There has been considerable scholarship on this topic (reviewed by Agrawal & Redford, 2006; Fennell & Weaver, 2005; Stronza, 2001; Weaver & Lawton, 2007), and Costa Rica has emerged as arguably the world’s most iconic ecotourism destination (Honey, 2008)....
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167 citations
Cites background from "The Ecotourium Concept and Tourism-..."
...Much research has examined pro-environmental behaviour in an attempt to define or understand ecotourism (e.g. Fennell & Weaver, 2005) and ecotourists (e.g. Sharpley, 2006; Weaver, 2002)....
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...Gössling et al., 2009). However, it remains to be seen whether these proposals will be successful in increasing rates of offsetting. For example, there are many airlines around the world that already offer the purchase of VCOs at the click of a button during the online purchase process (e.g. Qantas and British Airways), but anecdotally, few of these airlines have reported higher than average VCO purchase rates, suggesting perhaps that simply making it easier to purchase offsets will not result in significant increases in purchase rates. In addition to the issues raised above, which may be considered to be of a “technical” nature, there are a number of “behavioural” issues around offsetting. VCOs have been labelled as simply a way to salve one’s conscience, or alleviate guilt (Frew & Winter, 2008; Mair & Wong, 2010). From the consumer point of view, however, media articles criticising carbon offsetting (e.g. Kotchen, 2009; Revkin, 2007) are likely to cause further confusion. Some of the strongest criticism comes from Gössling et al. (2007, p. 241), who contend that: “carbon offsets in principle are environmentally risky options that do nothing to directly reduce aviation emissions”. Kollmuss and Bowell (2007) assert that offsets should not be seen as a way to buy “environmental pardons” and further to this, Metz, Davidson, Bosch, Dave and Meyer (2007) believe that the relatively low cost and ease of offsetting can act as a disincentive to the structural change in the consumption of energy (through changing the behaviour of individuals), which is necessary given the profound and rapid reductions required to minimise climate change....
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References
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