The effect of d-functions on molecular orbital energies for hydrocarbons
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the strained cyclic molecules cyclopropene and cyclopsopropane are preferentially stabilized by the addition of d functions, and the relative energies were given to an accuracy of 3 kcal/mole or better.
About: This article is published in Chemical Physics Letters.The article was published on 1972-10-01. It has received 955 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cyclopropene & Cyclopropane.
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10 Mar 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of theoretical models as an alternative to experiment in making accurate predictions of chemical phenomena is discussed, and the formulation of theoretical molecular orbital models starting from quantum mechanics is discussed.
Abstract: Describes and discusses the use of theoretical models as an alternative to experiment in making accurate predictions of chemical phenomena. Addresses the formulation of theoretical molecular orbital models starting from quantum mechanics, and compares them to experimental results. Draws on a series of models that have already received widespread application and are available for new applications. A new and powerful research tool for the practicing experimental chemist.
8,210 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is demonstrated that semi-empirical methods give electrostatic potential (ESP) derived atomic point charges that are in reasonable agreement with ab initio ESP charges.
Abstract: It is demonstrated that semiempirical methods give electrostatic potential (ESP) derived atomic point charges that are in reasonable agreement with ab initio ESP charges. Furthermore, we find that MNDO ESP charges are superior to AM1 ESP charges in correlating with ESP charges derived from the 6-31G* basis set. Thus, it is possible to obtain 6-31G* quality point charges by simply scaling MNDO ESP charges. The charges are scaled in a linear (y = Mx) manner to conserve charge. In this way researchers desiring to carry out force field simulations or minimizations can obtain charges by using MNDO, which requires much less computer time than the corresponding 6-31G* calculation.
2,948 citations
TL;DR: Geometries, relative energies, and electron density distributions in silacyclopropane and five of its isomers were investigated using ab initio methods in this article, where VinyIsilane was found to be the most stable isomer, and methyl substitution was preferred at the silicon end of both silaethylene and methyl silylene.
1,648 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended G3 theory to the third row of the transition elements K, Ca, Ga-Kr, and Ga-Rkr and showed that the G3 average absolute deviation from experiment for a set of 47 test reactions containing these elements is 0.94 kcal/mol.
Abstract: Gaussian-3 (G3) theory is extended to molecules containing the third-row nontransition elements K, Ca, Ga–Kr. Basis sets compatible with those used in G3 theory for molecules containing first- and second-row atoms have been derived. The G3 average absolute deviation from experiment for a set of 47 test reactions containing these elements is 0.94 kcal/mol. This is a substantial improvement over Gaussian-2 theory, which has an average absolute deviation of 1.43 kcal/mol for the same set. Variations of G3 theory are also presented that are based on reduced orders of perturbation theory. These variations also show similar improvement over the corresponding G2 methods. The use of scaling parameters in G3 theory for the third row was investigated and found to perform nearly as well as use of the higher level correction. In addition, these methods are evaluated on a set of molecules containing K and Ca for which the experimental data are not accurate enough for them to be included in the test set. Results for this set indicate that G3 theory performs significantly better than G2 for molecules containing Ca. When the 47 third-row systems are added to the G3/99 database the complete G3 average absolute deviation becomes 1.06 kcal/mol for 423 energies.
903 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the theory, computational implementation, and applications of a density functional Gaussian-type-orbital approach called DGauss were presented, which results in equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, bond dissociation energies, and reaction energies that are in many cases significantly closer to experiment than those obtained with Hartree-Fock theory.
Abstract: We present the theory, computational implementation, and applications of a density functional Gaussian‐type‐orbital approach called DGauss. For a range of typical organic and small inorganic molecules, it is found that this approach results in equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, bond dissociation energies, and reaction energies that are in many cases significantly closer to experiment than those obtained with Hartree–Fock theory. On the local spin density functional level, DGauss predicts equilibrium bond lengths within about 0.02 A or better compared with experiment, bond angles, and dihedral angles to within 1–2°, and vibrational frequencies within about 3%–5%. While Hartree–Fock optimized basis sets such as the 6‐31 G** set can be used in DGauss calculations to give good geometries, the accurate prediction of reaction energies requires the use of density functional optimized Gaussian‐type basis sets. Nonlocal corrections as proposed by Becke and Perdew for the exchange and correlation ener...
859 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, two extended basis sets (termed 5-31G and 6 -31G) consisting of atomic orbitals expressed as fixed linear combinations of Gaussian functions are presented for the first row atoms carbon to fluorine.
Abstract: Two extended basis sets (termed 5–31G and 6–31G) consisting of atomic orbitals expressed as fixed linear combinations of Gaussian functions are presented for the first row atoms carbon to fluorine. These basis functions are similar to the 4–31G set [J. Chem. Phys. 54, 724 (1971)] in that each valence shell is split into inner and outer parts described by three and one Gaussian function, respectively. Inner shells are represented by a single basis function taken as a sum of five (5–31G) or six (6–31G) Gaussians. Studies with a number of polyatomic molecules indicate a substantial lowering of calculated total energies over the 4–31G set. Calculated relative energies and equilibrium geometries do not appear to be altered significantly.
13,036 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extended basis set of atomic functions expressed as fixed linear combinations of Gaussian functions is presented for hydrogen and the first row atoms carbon to fluorine, where each inner shell is represented by a single basis function taken as a sum of four Gaussians and each valence orbital is split into inner and outer parts described by three and one Gaussian function, respectively.
Abstract: An extended basis set of atomic functions expressed as fixed linear combinations of Gaussian functions is presented for hydrogen and the first‐row atoms carbon to fluorine. In this set, described as 4–31 G, each inner shell is represented by a single basis function taken as a sum of four Gaussians and each valence orbital is split into inner and outer parts described by three and one Gaussian function, respectively. The expansion coefficients and Gaussian exponents are determined by minimizing the total calculated energy of the atomic ground state. This basis set is then used in single‐determinant molecular‐orbital studies of a group of small polyatomic molecules. Optimization of valence‐shell scaling factors shows that considerable rescaling of atomic functions occurs in molecules, the largest effects being observed for hydrogen and carbon. However, the range of optimum scale factors for each atom is small enough to allow the selection of a standard molecular set. The use of this standard basis gives theoretical equilibrium geometries in reasonable agreement with experiment.
8,551 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a least square representation of Slater-type atomic orbitals as a sum of Gaussian-type orbitals is presented, where common Gaussian exponents are shared between Slater−type 2s and 2p functions.
Abstract: Least‐squares representations of Slater‐type atomic orbitals as a sum of Gaussian‐type orbitals are presented. These have the special feature that common Gaussian exponents are shared between Slater‐type 2s and 2p functions. Use of these atomic orbitals in self‐consistent molecular‐orbital calculations is shown to lead to values of atomization energies, atomic populations, and electric dipole moments which converge rapidly (with increasing size of Gaussian expansion) to the values appropriate for pure Slater‐type orbitals. The ζ exponents (or scale factors) for the atomic orbitals which are optimized for a number of molecules are also shown to be nearly independent of the number of Gaussian functions. A standard set of ζ values for use in molecular calculations is suggested on the basis of this study and is shown to be adequate for the calculation of total and atomization energies, but less appropriate for studies of charge distribution.
3,723 citations
792 citations
344 citations