Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Exercise Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Nicola J. Gates,Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Perminder S. Sachdev,Michael Valenzuela,Michael Valenzuela +5 more
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TLDR
There is very limited evidence that exercise improves cognitive function in individuals with MCI, although published research is of moderate quality and inconclusive due to low statistical power.Abstract:
Objectives Investigations of exercise and cognition have primarily focused on healthy or demented older adults, and results have been equivocal in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our aim was to evaluate efficacy of exercise on cognition in older adults with MCI. Design We conducted a meta-analysis of random controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise effects on cognitive outcomes in adults with MCI. Searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, SPORTSDICUS, PsychInfo, and PubMed. Participants Adults aged over 65 years with MCI or Mini-Mental State Exam mean score 24–28 inclusive. Measurements Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale; data on participant and intervention characteristics and outcomes were extracted, followed by meta-analysis. Results Fourteen RCTs (1,695 participants; age 65–95 years) met inclusion criteria. Quality was modest and under-powering for small effects prevalent. Overall, 42% of effect sizes (ESs) were potentially clinically relevant (ES >0.20) with only 8% of cognitive outcomes statistically significant. Meta-analysis revealed negligible but significant effects of exercise on verbal fluency (ES: 0.17 [0.04, 0.30]). No significant benefit was found for additional executive measures, memory, or information processing. Overall results were inconsistent with benefits varying across exercise types and cognitive domains. Conclusions There is very limited evidence that exercise improves cognitive function in individuals with MCI, although published research is of moderate quality and inconclusive due to low statistical power. Questions remain regarding the magnitude, generalization, persistence, and mechanisms of benefits. Large-scale, high-quality RCTs are required to determine if exercise improves cognition or reduces dementia incidence in those with MCI.read more
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Gill Livingston,Gill Livingston,Andrew Sommerlad,Vasiliki Orgeta,Sergi G. Costafreda,Sergi G. Costafreda,Jonathan Huntley,Jonathan Huntley,David Ames,Clive Ballard,Sube Banerjee,Alistair Burns,Jiska Cohen-Mansfield,Claudia Cooper,Claudia Cooper,Nick C. Fox,Laura N. Gitlin,Robert Howard,Robert Howard,Helen C. Kales,Eric B. Larson,Eric B. Larson,Karen Ritchie,Karen Ritchie,Kenneth Rockwood,Elizabeth L Sampson,Quincy M. Samus,Lon S. Schneider,Geir Selbæk,Geir Selbæk,Linda Teri,Naaheed Mukadam +31 more
TL;DR: The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care met to consolidate the huge strides that have been made and the emerging knowledge as to what the authors should do to prevent and manage dementia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis
TL;DR: Clinicians are provided with evidence to recommend that patients obtain both aerobic and resistance exercise of at least moderate intensity on as many days of the week as feasible, in line with current exercise guidelines, to improve cognitive function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive frailty: Rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A./I.A.G.G.) International Consensus Group
Eirini Kelaiditi,Matteo Cesari,Matteo Cesari,Marco Canevelli,G. Abellan Van Kan,P.J. Ousset,Sophie Gillette-Guyonnet,Patrick Ritz,F. Duveau,Maria Soto,Véronique Provencher,Fati Nourhashemi,Antoni Salvà,Philippe Robert,S. Andrieu,Yves Rolland,Jacques Touchon,Jaime Fitten,Bruno Vellas,Bruno Vellas +19 more
TL;DR: The present report provides the first definition of a “Cognitive Frailty” condition in older adults and proposes the use of multidomain interventions focused on the physical, nutritional, cognitive and psychological domains for improving the well-being and quality of life in the elderly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Updating the evidence for physical activity: summative reviews of the epidemiological evidence, prevalence, and interventions to promote "active aging"
TL;DR: This integrated review updates the epidemiological data on PA, summarizes the existing evidence-based PA guidelines, describes the global magnitude of inactivity, and finally describes the rationale for action.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) Study—Resistance Training and/or Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Sham Controlled Trial
Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Maria A. Fiatarone Singh,Nicola J. Gates,Nidhi Saigal,Guy C Wilson,Jacinda Meiklejohn,Henry Brodaty,Wei Wen,Nalin Singh,Bernhard T. Baune,Chao Suo,Michael K. Baker,Michael K. Baker,Nasim Foroughi,Yi Wang,Perminder S. Sachdev,Michael Valenzuela +16 more
TL;DR: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months, and was higher for Executive Domain compared with combined training.
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