The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-glucanase activity from Bacillus sp. AR 009
TL;DR: In this article, the determinination of the suitable pH condition for maximizing the activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase of Bacillus sp. AR 009 had been done.
Abstract: The determinination of the suitable pH condition for maximizing the activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase of Bacillus sp. AR 009 had been done. The acidity range of media for examining the enzyme activities were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 at 37°C. The experiments show that the value of maximum activity of endo-1,4-I²-glucanase was 23.068 U/mL at third day incubation with 124.565 mg/L of sugar reduction at pH 7.Key words: pH, Bacillus sp. AR 009, endo-1,4-I²-glucanase
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13 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this article, penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembentukan biogas, gas metan, and aktivitas enzim pada fermentasi anaerobik feses sapi.
Abstract: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembentukan biogas, gas metan, dan aktivitas enzim pada fermentasi anaerobik feses sapi yang ditambahkan limbah cairan rumen dan lumpur gambut mempercepat proses fermentasi dan meningkatkan produksi biogas. Penelitian terdiri dari 3 macam perlakuan, yaitu tanpa inokulum, dengan penambahan inokulum limbah cairan rumen sebesar 25%, dan dengan penambahan inokulum lumpur gambut sebesar 25%. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan, dengan pengamatan 0; 10; 20; 30; dan 40 hari. Pada akhir fermentasi dilakukan uji gas metan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi menggunakan pola split plot untuk pengamatan pengukuran volume biogas, konsentrasi gas metan, produksi metan, pengamatan temperatur sludge digester dan derajat keasaman (pH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH dan suhu menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata. Volume biogas menunjukkan hasil yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai rata sebesar 228,67 ml tanpa inokulum, 229,65 ml dengan inokulum cairan rumen, 358,25 ml dengan inokulum lumpur gambut dan sampai hari ke-40 mengalami kenaikan. Nilai kadar metan menunjukkan hasil yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai rata sebesar 35,91% tanpa inokulum, 35,74% dengan inokulum cairan rumen, 38,52% dengan inokulum lumpur gambut dan sampai hari ke-40 mengalami kenaikan. Produksi metan yang dihasilkan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai rata sebesar 91,15 ml tanpa inokulum, 119,36 ml dengan inokulum cairan rumen, 150,62 ml dengan inokulum lumpur gambut dan sampai hari ke-40 mengalami kenaikan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan limbah cairan rumen dan lumpur aktif gambut hingga 25% dapat mempercepat proses fermentasi. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk lama tinggal proses fermentasi di dalam fermentor untuk mengetahui laju maksimal produksi biogas. (Kata kunci: Biodigester, Bakteri asidogen dan asetogen, Limbah cairan rumen, Lumpur gambut)
4 citations
Cites background from "The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..."
...Lahan gambut memiliki kandungan bakteri Bacillus sp (Hidayat, 2005)....
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...Hidayat (2005) menyatakan bahwa tanah gambut berada pada lingkungan yang asam yaitu dengan pH 4,5....
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimum conditions for cellulase production from Bacillus cereus of the Bali Sea were determined based on substrate concentration, pH of the media, fermentation temperature, and carbon source.
Abstract: FATIA IZZATY CHOIRINA EKA PUTRI. Optimization of Cellulase Production from Marine Bacteria Bacillus cereus. Supervised by IRMA HERAWATI SUPARTO and NANIK RAHMANI. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for producing cellulase from Bacillus cereus of the Bali Sea. Parameters for the optimization were substrate concentration, pH of the media, fermentation temperature, and carbon source. Selection of the optimum condition was based on the highest cellulase activity as determined by dinitrosalicylic method. The optimum conditions obtained were substrate concentration 2.0% (w/v), pH of the media 5, fermentation temperature of 30 °C, and glucose as carbon source, giving cellulase activity of 4.419 U ml -1 at the 72 th hour. Although after pH media optimization the cellulase activity decreased, after fermentation temperature optimization the activity increased, up to 7 fold higher after carbon source optimization. The optimization process in this experiment has been successful increasing the activity of cellulase produced by marine bacteria B. cereus.
3 citations
Cites background from "The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..."
...Penelitian mengenai optimasi produksi selulase dari Bacillus yang berasal dari darat di antaranya dilakukan oleh Hidayat (2005), Ray et al. (2007), Baehaki et al. (2008), Meryandini et al. (2009), Susanti (2011), dan Sethi et al. (2013)....
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used split plot analysis calculations for the observation of biogas volume measurements, the concentration of methane gas, sludge digester temperature observations and the degree of acidity (pH).
Abstract: This study aims to determine the rate of formation of biogas, to test the potential for methane gas formation and accelerate the anaerobic fermentation process and increase the production of biogas. The study consisted of 3 treatments, i.e. cow feces without the addition of inoculum, cow feces with the addition of rumen fluid waste by 25% and cow feces with the addition of mud peat by 25%. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Observations was done on the 10 th , the 20 th , 30 th and 40 th . Observations at the end of the fermentation test were conducted on methane. The obtained data were analyzed using split plot analysis calculations for the observation of biogas volume measurements, the concentration of methane gas, sludge digester temperature observations and the degree of acidity (pH). The result showed that pH and temperature were not significant. The volume of biogas showed significant results (P<0.05) having mean values of 228.67 ml with no inoculums, 229.65 ml for rumen fluid inoculums, 358.25 ml for peat mud inoculums with increasing values until 40 days. The concentration of methane showed significant results (P<0.05) having mean values of 35.91% with no inoculums, 35.74% for rumen fluid inoculums, 38.52% for peat mud inoculums with increasing values until 40 th days. The production of methane showed significant results (P<0.05) having mean values of 91.15 ml with no inoculums, 119.36 ml for rumen fluid inoculums, 150.62 ml for peat mud inoculums with increasing values until 40 th days. From the results of research it could be concluded that the addition of rumen fluid waste and sludge peat mud up to 25% could accelerate the process of fermentation. Further research is needed for a longer the fermentation process in fermentor to determine the maximum rate of production of biogas.
1 citations
Dissertation•
16 Dec 2014
TL;DR: Ramadana et al. as discussed by the authors obtained the optimum condition for production extracellular mannanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis isolated from Bali Sea Water, which was determined by the value of enzyme activity.
Abstract: RONY MASRI RAMADANA. Optimum Condition for Production Extracellular Mannanase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from Bali’s Sea Water. Supervised by SURYANI and NANIK RAHMANI. Mannanase widely used in food, feed, pharmaceutical, paper, and gas industries, but mannanase from marine bacteria has been researched just in a few number. The objective of this research was to obtain the optimum condition for production extracellular mannanase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis isolated from Bali Sea. Conditions which have seen are optimum concentration locust bean gum (LBG) substrate, optimum pH, and optimum incubation temperature. The optimum condition for production of enzyme was determined by the value of enzyme activity. Enzime activity assays performed using the Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method. Result showed that the highest enzyme activity was 20.978 U/mL at 48 hours. Bacillus subtilis produced extracellular mannanase in optimum condition with LBG substrate concentration 1%, pH 6, and incubation temperature 40 0 C.
Cites background from "The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..."
...Hal ini sesuai dengan Hidayat (2005) yang menyatakan bahwa pH dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan....
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References
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25,389 citations
"The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..." refers background in this paper
...HIDAYAT – Pengaruh pH pada endo-1,4-β-glucanase Bacillus sp. 243 Setelah inkubasi, ditambahkan 1 ml NaN3 1 N dan 1 ml DNS, kemudian dipanaskan pada air mendidih selama 15 menit....
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...Setelah itu diambil 1 ml supernatan, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi dan ditambahkan 1 ml substrat CMC 1% dengan masing-masing pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 (disesuaikan dengan pH media), 1 ml NaN3 (Sodium Azide) 1 N dan 1 ml DNS, selanjutnya dipanaskan pada air mendidih selama 15 menit....
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...Pengukuran aktivitas endo-1,4-β-glucanase ditentukan berdasarkan metode DNS (Miller, 1959)....
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TL;DR: A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
Abstract: Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial cellulose utilization, kinetics of microbial cellulose utilization, and contrasting features compared to soluble substrate kinetics. A biological perspective on processing cellulosic biomass is presented, including features of pretreated substrates and alternative process configurations. Organism development is considered for "consolidated bioprocessing" (CBP), in which the production of cellulolytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products occur in one step. Two organism development strategies for CBP are examined: (i) improve product yield and tolerance in microorganisms able to utilize cellulose, or (ii) express a heterologous system for cellulose hydrolysis and utilization in microorganisms that exhibit high product yield and tolerance. A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
4,769 citations
"The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..." refers background in this paper
...Genus Bacillus merupakan salah satu kelompok bakteri yang mampu mendegradasi selulosa (Sudiana, 2002; Lynd et al., 2002)....
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TL;DR: With the steady increase in sequence and structural data, it is suggested that the enzyme classification system should perhaps be revised.
Abstract: The amino acid sequences of 301 glycosyl hydrolases and related enzymes have been compared. A total of 291 sequences corresponding to 39 EC entries could be classified into 35 families. Only ten sequences (less than 5% of the sample) could not be assigned to any family. With the sequences available for this analysis, 18 families were found to be monospecific (containing only one EC number) and 17 were found to be polyspecific (containing at least two EC numbers). Implications on the folding characteristics and mechanism of action of these enzymes and on the evolution of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. With the steady increase in sequence and structural data, it is suggested that the enzyme classification system should perhaps be revised.
3,338 citations
"The effect of pH on endo-1,4-b-gluc..." refers background in this paper
...Enzim selulase merupakan kelompok enzim glikosil hidrolase yang menghidrolisis oligosakarida dan polisakarida (Henrissat, 1991)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of using alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) and acid phosphatases (AcdP) activities, for determining the optimum soil pH for crop production and the amount of lime required to achieve this optimum.
Abstract: Soil fertility and crop production are affected by biological processes and these processes, including enzyme activites, are influenced by pH. We investigated the potential of using alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) and acid phosphatase (AcdP) activities, for determining the optimum soil pH for crop production and the amount of lime required to achieve this optimum. Five acid soils, which varied widely in selected properties, were treated with CaCO 3 at rates of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0× the soil's lime requirement needs. To remove soil variations in absolute enzyme activity values, an AlkP/AcdP activity ratio was used to test soil response. The ratios of AlkP/AcdP responded immediately to the changes in pH caused by CaCO 3 additions and an AlkP/AcdP ratio of approximately 0.5 divided soils into those with appropriate pH adjustment and those still needing additional lime treatment. However, incubation of the lime-treated soils for 67 days followed by treating the soils with organic amendments (which included finely ground chicken manure and alfalfa residues) increased the AlkP/AcdP ratios to approximately 3.0. For cropping systems that rely heavily on natural biological processes to maintain productivity, measuring the AlkP/AcdP ratio may be preferable to chemical approaches for evaluating effective soil pH and liming needs.
442 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that lignin-solubilizing actinomycetes may play an important role in the metabolism ofLignin in neutral to alkaline soils in which ligninolytic fungi are not highly competitive.
Abstract: Lignocellulose degradation by Streptomyces viridosporus results in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and the production of a water-soluble lignin polymer, acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL). The effects of the culture pH on lignin and cellulose metabolism and APPL production by S. viridosporus are reported. Dry, ground, hot-water-extracted corn (Zea mays) lignocellulose was autoclaved in 1-liter reagent bottles (5 g per bottle) and inoculated with 50-ml volumes of S. viridosporus cells suspended in buffers of specific pH (pH 6.0 to 9.2 at 0.4 pH unit intervals). Four replicates of inoculated cultures and of uninoculated controls at each pH were incubated as solid-state fermentations at 37°C. After 6 weeks of incubation the percent loss of lignocellulose, lignin, and carbohydrate and the amount of APPL produced were determined for each replicate. Optimal lignocellulose degradation, as shown by substrate weight loss, was observed in the pH range of 8.4 to 8.8. Only minor differences were seen in the Klason lignin, carbohydrate, protein, and ash contents of the APPLS produced by cultures at each pH. The effects of pH on the degradation of a spruce (Picea pungens) [14C-lignin]lignocellulose and a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) [14C-glucan]-lignocellulose were also determined at pH values between 6.5 and 9.5 (0.5 pH unit intervals). The incubations were carried out for 3 weeks at 37°C with bubbler-tube cultures. The percentage of initial 14C recovered as 14CO2, 14C-labeled water-soluble products, and [14C]APPL was then determined. The mineralization of lignin and cellulose to CO2 was optimal at pHs 6.5 and 7.0, respectively. However, the optimum for lignin and cellulose solubilization was pH 8.5, which correlated with the pH 8.5 optimum for APPL production. Overall, the data show that, whereas lignin mineralization is optimal at neutral to slightly acidic pHs, lignocellulose degradation with lignin solubilization and APPL production is promoted by alkaline pHs. These findings indicate that lignin-solubilizing actinomycetes may play an important role in the metabolism of lignin in neutral to alkaline soils in which ligninolytic fungi are not highly competitive.
80 citations