The effect of TiO2 concentration on properties of apatite-mullite glass-ceramics for dental use.
TL;DR: TiO2 is an effective agent for improving the durability and the mechanical properties of an apatite-mullite glass-ceramic only up to 2.5 wt% concentration.
About: This article is published in Dental Materials.The article was published on 2016-02-01. It has received 16 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Differential thermal analysis.
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TL;DR: This review article divides dental GCs into the following two groups: restorative and bioactive, and elaborate on the history, processing, properties and applications of RDGCs and BDGCs.
Abstract: The global market for dental materials is predicted to exceed 10 billion dollars by 2020. The main drivers for this growth are easing the workflow of dentists and increasing the comfort of patients. Therefore, remarkable research projects have been conducted and are currently underway to develop improved or new dental materials with enhanced properties or that can be processed using advanced technologies, such as CAD/CAM or 3D printing. Among these materials, zirconia, glass or polymer-infiltrated ceramics, and glass-ceramics (GCs) are of great importance. Dental glass-ceramics are highly attractive because they are easy to process and have outstanding esthetics, translucency, low thermal conductivity, high strength, chemical durability, biocompatibility, wear resistance, and hardness similar to that of natural teeth, and, in certain cases, these materials are bioactive. In this review article, we divide dental GCs into the following two groups: restorative and bioactive. Most restorative dental glass-ceramics (RDGCs) are inert and biocompatible and are used in the restoration and reconstruction of teeth. Bioactive dental glass-ceramics (BDGCs) display bone-bonding ability and stimulate positive biological reactions at the material/tissue interface. BDGCs are suggested for dentin hypersensitivity treatment, implant coating, bone regeneration and periodontal therapy. Throughout this paper, we elaborate on the history, processing, properties and applications of RDGCs and BDGCs. We also report on selected papers that address promising types of dental glass-ceramics. Finally, we include trends and guidance on relevant open issues and research possibilities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 619-639, 2017.
120 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main composition was prepared using soda-lime glass with dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] as a foaming agent, and the clay powder was added to the main mixture in different ratios, and then, the mixtures were shaped by one-axial pressing.
Abstract: In the current study, the main composition was prepared using soda-lime glass with dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] as a foaming agent. The clay powder was added to the main composition in different ratios, and then, the mixtures were shaped by one-axial pressing. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used for the determination of crystallization temperatures, and the samples were heated according to the DTA results. Furthermore, heating microscopy was employed for studying the high-temperature behaviours of the mixtures. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and comprehensive strength testing. Porosity and bulk density were measured to assess the foaming capability of the mixtures. The results showed that clay addition has a positive role on the mechanical properties of glass foam.
16 citations
Cites methods from "The effect of TiO2 concentration on..."
...In general, the mullite phase is used for improving the mechanical properties of ceramics [16, 17]....
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the HA blend with 5% of TiO2 nanoparticles has the greatest potential as a bovine HA dense bioceramic reinforcement.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the correlation between CAT addition and the microstructures, phase compositions, thermo-mechanical properties, and alkali resistance of bauxite-SiC refractories were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by thermodynamic analysis.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive and critical review of restorative prostheses and bio-active glass-ceramics is presented, where the relevant theoretical fundamentals of crystallization in oxide glasses and key technologies to fabricate DGCs are discussed.
11 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for the development of the MICROSTRUCTURE in CERAMICS based on phase transformation, glass formation and glass-Ceramics.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION. Ceramic Processes and Products. CHARACTERISTICS OF CERAMIC SOLIDS. Structure of Crystals. Structure of Glasses. Structural Imperfections. Surfaces, Interfaces, and Grain Boundaries. Atom Mobility. DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE IN CERAMICS. Ceramic Phase Equilibrium Diagrams. Phase Transformation, Glass Formation and Glass--Ceramics. Reactions with and between Solids. Grain Growth. Sintering and Vitrification. Microstructure of Ceramics. PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS. Thermal Properties. Optical Properties. Plastic Deformation, Viscous Flow and Creep. Elasticity, Anelasticity and Strength. Thermal and Compositional Stresses. Electrical Conductivity. Dielectric Properties. Magnetic Properties.
6,650 citations
"The effect of TiO2 concentration on..." refers background in this paper
...This is due to the scattering of light at the interface of both phases [42,43]....
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24 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the principles of designing glass-ceramics are discussed and the advantages of glass-ceramics formation factors of design are discussed, including the properties of glass structures and mineral properties.
Abstract: Principles of Designing Glass-Ceramics Advantages of Glass-Ceramic Formation Factors of Design Crystal Structures and Mineral Properties Nucleation Crystal Growth Composition Systems for Glass-Ceramics Alkaline and Alkaline-Earth Silicates Aluminosilicates Flourosilicates Silicophosphates Iron Silicates Phosphates Others Systems Microstructure Control Solid-State Reactions Microstructure Control of Key Properties Methods and Measurements Applications of Glass-Ceramics Technical Applications Consumer Applications Optical Applications Medical and Dental Glass-Ceramics Electrical and Electronic Applications Architectural Applications Coatings and Solders
876 citations
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...This is due to the scattering of light at the interface of both phases [42,43]....
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31 Jan 2003TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe some of the processing techniques for CMCs, followed by a description of some salient characteristics of CMC composites regarding interface and mechanical properties and, in particular, the various possible toughness mechanisms.
Abstract: Ceramic materials in general have a very attractive package of properties: high strength and high stiffness at very high temperatures, chemical inertness, low density, and so on. This attractive package is marred by one deadly flaw, namely, an utter lack of toughness. They are prone to catastrophic failures in the presence of flaws (surface or internal). They are extremely susceptible to thermal shock and are easily damaged during fabrication and/or service. It is therefore understandable that an overriding consideration in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is to toughen the ceramics by incorporating fibers in them and thus exploit the attractive high-temperature strength and environmental resistance of ceramic materials without risking a catastrophic failure. It is worth pointing out at the very outset that there are certain basic differences between CMCs and other composites. The general philosophy in nonceramic matrix composites is to have the fiber bear a greater proportion of the applied load. This load partitioning depends on the ratio of fiber and matrix elastic moduli, Ef/Em. In nonceramic matrix composites, this ratio can be very high, while in CMCs, it is rather low and can be as low as unity; think of alumina fiber reinforced alumina matrix composite. Another distinctive point regarding CMCs is that because of limited matrix ductility and generally high fabrication temperature, thermal mismatch between components has a very important bearing on CMC performance. The problem of chemical compatibility between components in CMCs has ramifications similar to those in, say, MMCs. We first describe some of the processing techniques for CMCs, followed by a description of some salient characteristics of CMCs regarding interface and mechanical properties and, in particular, the various possible toughness mechanisms, and finally a description of some applications of CMCs.
509 citations
"The effect of TiO2 concentration on..." refers background in this paper
...which is the basic for glass ceramic production in combination with other components in the glass [19]....
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TL;DR: Significant improvements seem possible in the clinical use of ceramics based on engineering solutions derived from the study of clinically failed restorations, on the incorporation of higher levels of “biomimicry” in new systems, and on the synergistic developments in dental cements and adhesive dentin bonding.
Abstract: This review is intended to provide the ceramic engineer with information about the history and current use of ceramics in dentistry, contemporary research topics, and potential research agenda. Background material includes intra-oral design considerations, descriptions of ceramic dental components, and the origin, composition, and microstructure of current dental ceramics. Attention is paid to efforts involving net-shape processing, machining as a forming method, and the analysis of clinical failure. A rationale is presented for the further development of all-ceramic restorative systems. Current research topics receiving attention include microstructure/processing/property relationships, clinical failure mechanisms and in vitro testing, wear damage and wear testing, surface treatments, and microstructural modifications. The status of the field is critically reviewed with an eye toward future work. Significant improvements seem possible in the clinical use of ceramics based on engineering solutions derived from the study of clinically failed restorations, on the incorporation of higher levels of “biomimicry” in new systems, and on the synergistic developments in dental cements and adhesive dentin bonding.
294 citations
"The effect of TiO2 concentration on..." refers background in this paper
...Dental ceramic containing glass ceramic such as leucite, fluorapatite or lithium disilicate [6,7]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of Cr 2 O 3, Fe 2 O3 and TiO 2 on the crystallization behavior of glass compositions were investigated by DTA, XRD and SEM, and the best nucleation temperature was determined to be 740°C.
151 citations
"The effect of TiO2 concentration on..." refers background in this paper
...A previous study [25] has revealed that TiO2 is also a good nucleation agent in many silicate systems....
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...A previous study [25] has revealed that TiO2 is a good nucleating agent in many silicate systems....
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...[25] Rezvani M, Eftekhari-Yekta B, Solati-Hashjin M, Marghussian K....
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