The Effects of Interconnections on High-Speed Logic Circuits
TL;DR: It is shown that high-speed circuitry must be miniaturized and the implications are discussed.
Abstract: By way of worked examples in typical but somewhat idealized cases the effect on circuit speed of circuit interconnections is studied. The source, calculation and minimization of interconnection crosstalk is also discussed. It is shown that high-speed circuitry must be miniaturized and the implications are discussed.
Citations
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TL;DR: The delay- and storage-times have been experimentally found to be nearly independent of the input pulse amplitude, while the fall- and rise-times are approximately inverse functions of the amplitude of theinput current pulse.
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: By including inductance in the repeater insertion methodology, the interconnect is modeled more accurately as compared to an model, permit- ting average savings in area, power, and delay of 40.8%, 15.6%, and 6.7%, respectively, for a variety of copper-based interconnect trees from a 0.25- m CMOS technology.
Abstract: The effects of inductance on repeater insertion in trees is the focus of this paper. An algorithm is introduced to insert and size repeaters within an tree to optimize a variety of possible cost functions such as minimizing the maximum path delay, the skew between branches, or a combination of area, power, and delay. The algorithm has a complexity proportional to the square of the number of possible repeater positions and determines a repeater solution that is close to the global minimum. The repeater insertion algorithm is used to insert repeaters within several copper-based interconnect trees to minimize the maximum path delay based on both an model and an model. The two buffering solutions are compared using the AS/X dynamic circuit simulator. It is shown that as inductance effects increase, the area and power consumed by the inserted repeaters to min- imize the path delays of an tree decreases. By including inductance in the repeater insertion methodology, the interconnect is modeled more accurately as compared to an model, permit- ting average savings in area, power, and delay of 40.8%, 15.6%, and 6.7%, respectively, for a variety of copper-based interconnect trees from a 0.25- m CMOS technology. The average savings in area, power, and delay increases to 62.2%, 57.2%, and 9.4%, respectively, when using five times faster devices with the same interconnect trees.
TL;DR: In this paper, the validity of weak coupling is established in terms of rise time and physical length of interconnects, and the two cases are identical for the important low-frequency range, where the significant components of the input excitation lie.
Abstract: Crosstalk under strong and weak coupling is compared and the two cases are shown to be identical for the important low-frequency range, where the significant components of the input excitation lie. The validity of weak coupling is established in terms of rise time and physical length of interconnects.
TL;DR: In this article, the particular effects of noise upon logic gate and flip-flop circuits and the resultant general effects upon digital systems are considered. And the application of such methods to representative commercial integrated circuits is given.
Abstract: The particular effects of noise upon logic gate and flip-flop circuits and the resultant general effects upon digital systems are considered. Common sources of noise are outlined andtheir significance in integrated circuit systems is considered. Such sources include crosstalk, reflections, common-earth impedance coupling and supply line noise. Present methods of assessment and specification of d.c. noise margin and a.c. or pulse noise immunity are reviewed and examples are given of the application of such methods to representative commercial integrated circuits.
References
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01 Nov 1954
TL;DR: In this article, a simple configuration of four wires (or two wires and ground) can serve simultaneously as a directional coupler, filter, and transformer, and the coupled lines may be of equal or different impedance.
Abstract: The natural coupling between parallel transmission lines is inherently directional. Very simple and cheap directional couplers can be made which utilize this effect. By introducing appropriate variation of coupling with distance a wide variety of transmission characteristics may be realized, including high-pass (ideally, infinite bandwidth) characteristics. The coupled lines may be of equal or different impedance. Thus, a simple configuration of four wires (or two wires and ground) can serve simultaneously as a directional coupler, filter, and transformer.
215 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: This computer, like the 704, is aimed at scientific problems such as reactor design, hydrodynamics problems, partial differential equations etc., its instruction set and organization are such that it can handle with ease data-processing problems normally associated with commercial applications, such as processing of alphanumeric fields, sorting, and decimal arithmetic.
Abstract: The Stretch Computer project was started in order to achieve two orders of magnitude of improvement in performance over the then existing 704. Although this computer, like the 704, is aimed at scientific problems such as reactor design, hydrodynamics problems, partial differential equations etc., its instruction set and organization are such that it can handle with ease data-processing problems normally associated with commercial applications, such as processing of alphanumeric fields, sorting, and decimal arithmetic.
76 citations
[...]
TL;DR: This paper gives a brief description of work originating in the Computer Group at Manchester University, the name given to a large computing system which can include a variety of peripheral equipments, and an extensive store.
Abstract: This paper gives a brief description of work originating in the Computer Group at Manchester University. Atlas is the name given to a large computing system which can include a variety of peripheral equipments, and an extensive store. All the activities of the system are controlled by a program called the supervisor. Several types of store are used, and the addressing system enables a virtually unlimited amount of each to be included. The primary store consists of magnetic cores with a cycle time of under two microseconds, which is effectively reduced by multiple selection mechanisms. The core store is divided into 512 word "pages"; this is also the size of the fixed blocks on drums and magnetic tapes. The core store and drum store are addressed identically, and drum transfers are performed automatically as described in Section 3. There is a fixed store which consists of a wire mesh into which ferrite slugs are inserted; it has a fast read-out time, and is used to hold common routines including routines of the supervisor. A subsidiary core store is used as working space for the supervisor. The V-store is a collective name given to various flip-flops throughout the computer, which can be read, set, and re-set by reading from or writing to particular store addresses.
28 citations
Book•
[...]
01 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a brief description of work originating in the Computer Group at Manchester University is given, where the core store is divided into 512 word "pages"; this is also the size of the fixed blocks on drums and magnetic tapes.
Abstract: This paper gives a brief description of work originating in the Computer Group at Manchester University. Atlas is the name given to a large computing system which can include a variety of peripheral equipments, and an extensive store. All the activities of the system are controlled by a program called the supervisor. Several types of store are used, and the addressing system enables a virtually unlimited amount of each to be included. The primary store consists of magnetic cores with a cycle time of under two microseconds, which is effectively reduced by multiple selection mechanisms. The core store is divided into 512 word "pages"; this is also the size of the fixed blocks on drums and magnetic tapes. The core store and drum store are addressed identically, and drum transfers are performed automatically as described in Section 3. There is a fixed store which consists of a wire mesh into which ferrite slugs are inserted; it has a fast read-out time, and is used to hold common routines including routines of the supervisor. A subsidiary core store is used as working space for the supervisor. The V-store is a collective name given to various flip-flops throughout the computer, which can be read, set, and re-set by reading from or writing to particular store addresses.
27 citations
01 Jan 1960
18 citations