The effects of the acetic acid “pain” test on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A critique on Newby and Stevens (2008)
Summary (1 min read)
Summary
- The authors also used a completely different housing design where fish where held in barren, cylindrical tanks rather than standard, rectangular tanks with gravel.
- If the tanks are cylindrical without flat surfaces or gravel, there is no substrate for the animals to perform these behaviours.
- The authors research has also demonstrated that rainbow trout do not perform anomalous behaviours or exhibit such high physiological alterations in a barren environment as they do in an enriched environment.
- This most likely led to stress-induced analgesia since high cortisol results in the release of betaendorphin in fish (van den Burg et al., 2005) and, therefore, no suspension in feeding or performance of pain-related behaviours was observed as pain would be reduced centrally.
- The ethical guidelines followed by this journal state that ''Procedures with animals that may cause more than momentary or minimal pain or distress should be performed with appropriate sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia in accordance with accepted veterinary practice.
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Citations
224 citations
Cites background or result from "The effects of the acetic acid “pai..."
...Newby and Stevens were not able to provide a definitive explanation for the differences in results between their study and those of Sneddon et al. but some possible reasons were considered in subsequent discussion (Newby and Stevens 2009; Sneddon 2009)....
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...In a reply to the Newby and Stevens paper, Sneddon (2009) said that her Sneddon et al. (2003a) study employed 0.1% acid injections and that the 5% injections used by Newby and Stevens would have destroyed nociceptive afferents....
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47 citations
24 citations
Cites background or result from "The effects of the acetic acid “pai..."
...Our rationale for measuring cortisol was that it has been argued that some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding nociception in fishes could be due to stress-induced analgesia (Newby & Stevens, 2009; Sneddon, 2009)....
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...We also measured plasma cortisol levels in our experiments because it has been argued that ‘stress-induced’ analgesia is a confounding factor that could explain some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding analgesia in fish (Newby & Stevens, 2009; Sneddon, 2009)....
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References
372 citations
"The effects of the acetic acid “pai..." refers background or result in this paper
...Again, it is vital to follow established experimental protocol to obtain similar results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
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...This demonstrates the importance of following the experimental design of published studies to get comparable results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
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...…behaviours such as rocking, where the fish is situated on a gravel substrate and rocks to and fro on either pectoral fin (Sneddon et al., 2003a), and rubbing where the fish rubs the injection site into the gravel and sides of tanks (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon et al., 2003a; Reilly et al., 2008)....
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...…the ability to perform behaviours such as rocking, where the fish is situated on a gravel substrate and rocks to and fro on either pectoral fin (Sneddon et al., 2003a), and rubbing where the fish rubs the injection site into the gravel and sides of tanks (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon et al., 2003a;…...
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...…on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’’ examines the effects of a noxious stimulus on the behaviour of trout in an attempt to replicate research conducted in my laboratory (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
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328 citations
"The effects of the acetic acid “pai..." refers background in this paper
...I believe that this is not a humane way to administer such a noxious substance given that fish are aquatic animals and removing them from the water is effectively suffocating them causing significant stress (Arends et al., 1999)....
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...…the stress of being injected with a noxious stimulus using forcible restraint coupled with being held in a barren environment in the Newby and Stevens (2008) study would lead to high-cortisol levels (Arends et al., 1999) as demonstrated by the loss of equilibrium in the noxiously stimulated fish....
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...Therefore, the stress of being injected with a noxious stimulus using forcible restraint coupled with being held in a barren environment in the Newby and Stevens (2008) study would lead to high-cortisol levels (Arends et al., 1999) as demonstrated by the loss of equilibrium in the noxiously stimulated fish....
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316 citations
"The effects of the acetic acid “pai..." refers background or result in this paper
...Again, it is vital to follow established experimental protocol to obtain similar results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...This demonstrates the importance of following the experimental design of published studies to get comparable results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...…behaviours such as rocking, where the fish is situated on a gravel substrate and rocks to and fro on either pectoral fin (Sneddon et al., 2003a), and rubbing where the fish rubs the injection site into the gravel and sides of tanks (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon et al., 2003a; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...…on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’’ examines the effects of a noxious stimulus on the behaviour of trout in an attempt to replicate research conducted in my laboratory (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...In their protocol, they restrain trout without anaesthesia and insert a hypodermic needle into a very sensitive area of skin innervated by nociceptors (Sneddon, 2002, 2003b; Ashley et al., 2006) and administer a high concentration of damaging substance....
[...]
217 citations
"The effects of the acetic acid “pai..." refers background or result in this paper
...Again, it is vital to follow established experimental protocol to obtain similar results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...This demonstrates the importance of following the experimental design of published studies to get comparable results (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...…behaviours such as rocking, where the fish is situated on a gravel substrate and rocks to and fro on either pectoral fin (Sneddon et al., 2003a), and rubbing where the fish rubs the injection site into the gravel and sides of tanks (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon et al., 2003a; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
...…the ability to perform behaviours such as rocking, where the fish is situated on a gravel substrate and rocks to and fro on either pectoral fin (Sneddon et al., 2003a), and rubbing where the fish rubs the injection site into the gravel and sides of tanks (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon et al., 2003a;…...
[...]
...…on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’’ examines the effects of a noxious stimulus on the behaviour of trout in an attempt to replicate research conducted in my laboratory (Sneddon, 2003a; Sneddon, 2007; Sneddon et al., 2003a,b; Reilly et al., 2008)....
[...]
133 citations
"The effects of the acetic acid “pai..." refers background in this paper
...In their protocol, they restrain trout without anaesthesia and insert a hypodermic needle into a very sensitive area of skin innervated by nociceptors (Sneddon, 2002, 2003b; Ashley et al., 2006) and administer a high concentration of damaging substance....
[...]