The effects of the high penetration of renewable energies on the reliability and vulnerability of interconnected electric power systems
TL;DR: In this article, the reliability and vulnerability of electrical networks are jointly analyzed to quantify systems' performance by increasing and decreasing renewable resources and the degree of coupling of electrical infrastructures.
About: This article is published in Reliability Engineering & System Safety.The article was published on 2021-11-01. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vulnerability assessment & Reliability (statistics).
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01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a methodology for power system vulnerability assessment that couples an AC-based cascading failure simulation model and a meta-heuristic optimization procedure, which is applied to the IEEE 118-bus test system and the Swiss power grid.
Abstract: Power systems as critical infrastructure are an integral part of human society and are therefore of paramount importance to modern life. Vulnerabilities in the system, that are revealed either by accidental or deliberate events, can cause large losses of power supply with sever social and economic consequences. A tool that identifies the vulnerabilities in a power system can provide the operators the means to support reliable power system operations. This paper presents a methodology for power system vulnerability assessment that couples an AC based cascading failure simulation model and a meta-heuristic optimization procedure. The objectives of the assessment are to (1) rank the most important branches in the transmission grid, and (2) identify sets of branches if simultaneously tripped will cause the cascade with highest intensity. The first objective is achieved by ranking the criticality of the branches using two criteria (i) the impact that each branch failure has on the DNS and (ii) the frequency of line overload. The second objective is achieved by hard linking an AC based cascading failure simulation model and a meta-heuristic based optimization procedure. The methodology allows the generation and the identification of vulnerability scenarios, and therefore, provides insights that can be used by operators in developing strategies to minimize the effects of accidental and deliberate events. The algorithm developed for the purpose of this study is applied to the IEEE 118-bus test system and the Swiss power grid. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed methodology for assessing power system vulnerability.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a methodology for power system vulnerability assessment that couples an AC-based cascading failure simulation model and a meta-heuristic optimization procedure, which is applied to the IEEE 118-bus test system and the Swiss power grid.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors incorporate the dynamical process of frequency control in modeling cascading failure and assessing the robustness of power systems with a high level of penetration of renewable energy sources.
Abstract: In this paper, we incorporate the dynamical process of frequency control in modeling cascading failure and assessing the robustness of power systems with a high level of penetration of renewable energy sources. Triggered by an initial failure, a power system may be decomposed into multiple subnetworks, where the power imbalance between generation and load can be induced. Frequency control functions including primary, secondary, and emergency frequency control are employed to reduce the frequency deviation to balance the generated power and consumed power. In our simulation model, the power flow process maintains power balance in the steady-state, and a power redistribution process is triggered each time the network changes with the next failure event. The process reiterates until no overloaded component is generated. In the dynamical frequency control process, we differentiate the traditional synchronous machine-based generators from the renewable energy sources that are integrated with power electronic devices and exhibit low inertia. As power electronics integrated renewable sources do not contribute to frequency response, they can be disconnected from the grid due to unexpected frequency deviation. Applying to the IEEE 39-bus power test system, our model captures the salient frequency response process in a failure propagation chain similar to historical scenarios. The frequency deviation is found to increase with the percentage of integrated renewable energy sources, intensifying the cascading failure events. Furthermore, using the IEEE 300-bus test system, we show an increased risk of power outage as the level of penetration of renewable sources increases in the absence of an adequate protective measure.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a joint optimization method for the two phases based on an incomplete-information game under the situation of intentional attacks was proposed for the joint optimization of interdependency structure and protection.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the optimal wind turbine selection is studied in terms of the capacity factor of wind turbine generator and the Expected Energy not Supplied which is one of the most commonly used reliability indices for power systems.
6 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model based on the power-law degree distribution of real networks was proposed, which was able to reproduce the power law degree distribution in real networks and to capture the evolution of networks, not just their static topology.
Abstract: The emergence of order in natural systems is a constant source of inspiration for both physical and biological sciences. While the spatial order characterizing for example the crystals has been the basis of many advances in contemporary physics, most complex systems in nature do not offer such high degree of order. Many of these systems form complex networks whose nodes are the elements of the system and edges represent the interactions between them.
Traditionally complex networks have been described by the random graph theory founded in 1959 by Paul Erdohs and Alfred Renyi. One of the defining features of random graphs is that they are statistically homogeneous, and their degree distribution (characterizing the spread in the number of edges starting from a node) is a Poisson distribution. In contrast, recent empirical studies, including the work of our group, indicate that the topology of real networks is much richer than that of random graphs. In particular, the degree distribution of real networks is a power-law, indicating a heterogeneous topology in which the majority of the nodes have a small degree, but there is a significant fraction of highly connected nodes that play an important role in the connectivity of the network.
The scale-free topology of real networks has very important consequences on their functioning. For example, we have discovered that scale-free networks are extremely resilient to the random disruption of their nodes. On the other hand, the selective removal of the nodes with highest degree induces a rapid breakdown of the network to isolated subparts that cannot communicate with each other.
The non-trivial scaling of the degree distribution of real networks is also an indication of their assembly and evolution. Indeed, our modeling studies have shown us that there are general principles governing the evolution of networks. Most networks start from a small seed and grow by the addition of new nodes which attach to the nodes already in the system. This process obeys preferential attachment: the new nodes are more likely to connect to nodes with already high degree. We have proposed a simple model based on these two principles wich was able to reproduce the power-law degree distribution of real networks. Perhaps even more importantly, this model paved the way to a new paradigm of network modeling, trying to capture the evolution of networks, not just their static topology.
18,415 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an enhanced test system (RTS-96) is described for use in bulk power system reliability evaluation studies, which will permit comparative and benchmark studies to be performed on new and existing reliability evaluation techniques.
Abstract: This report describes an enhanced test system (RTS-96) for use in bulk power system reliability evaluation studies. The value of the test system is that it will permit comparative and benchmark studies to be performed on new and existing reliability evaluation techniques. The test system was developed by modifying and updating the original IEEE RTS (referred to as RTS-79 hereafter) to reflect changes in evaluation methodologies and to overcome perceived deficiencies.
3,040 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for estimating the Impedance of Transmission Lines and the Capacitance of Transformer Lines in the presence of Symmetrical Faults.
Abstract: 1 Basic Concepts 2 Transformers 3 The Synchronous Machine 4 Series Impedance of Transmission Lines 5 Capacitance of Transmission Lines 6 Current and Voltage Relations on a Transmission Line 7 The Admittance Model and Network Calculations 8 The Impedance Model and Network Calculations 9 Power Flow Solutions 10 Symmetrical Faults 11 Symmetrical Components and Sequence Networks 12 Unsymmetrical Faults 13 Economic Operation of Power Systems 14 Zbus Methods in Contingency Analysis 15 State Estimation of Power Systems 16 Power System Stability
2,157 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1994
TL;DR: The basic concepts of Power System Reliability Evaluation and Elements of Monte Carlo Methods and Reliability Cost/Worth Assessment are explained.
Abstract: Introduction. Basic Concepts of Power System Reliability Evaluation. Elements of Monte Carlo Methods. Generating System Adequacy Assessment. Composite System Adequacy Assessment. Distribution System and Station Adequacy Assessment. Reliability Cost/Worth Assessment. Appendixes. Index.
1,459 citations
TL;DR: Model electric power delivery networks as graphs, and conduct studies of two power transmission grids, i.e., the Nordic and the western states (U.S.) transmission grid, to present a discussion on the practical applicability of graph modeling.
Abstract: In this article, we model electric power delivery networks as graphs, and conduct studies of two power transmission grids, i.e., the Nordic and the western states (U.S.) transmission grid. We calculate values of topological (structural) characteristics of the networks and compare their error and attack tolerance (structural vulnerability), i.e., their performance when vertices are removed, with two frequently used theoretical reference networks (the Erdos-Renyi random graph and the Barabasi-Albert scale-free network). Further, we perform a structural vulnerability analysis of a fictitious electric power network with simple structure. In this analysis, different strategies to decrease the vulnerability of the system are evaluated. Finally, we present a discussion on the practical applicability of graph modeling.
350 citations