The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation.
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TLDR
A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation.Abstract:
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.read more
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References
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The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity
Chen Zhu,Ana C. Anderson,Anna Schubart,Huabao Xiong,Jaime Imitola,Samia J. Khoury,Xin Xiao Zheng,Terry B. Strom,Vijay K. Kuchroo +8 more
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Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction activates the hexosamine pathway and induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by increasing Sp1 glycosylation
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TL;DR: Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction increases hexosamine synthesis and O-glycosylation of Sp1, which activates expression of genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
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Galectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion
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Galectin-1: A Small Protein with Major Functions
TL;DR: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with an affinity for beta-galactosides as mentioned in this paper, which is a promising molecular target for the development of new and original therapeutic tools.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function.
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