The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in redox biology and some implications for plasma applications to medicine and biology
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"The emerging role of reactive oxyge..." refers background in this paper
...in the field—is especially useful on this and related topics [6]....
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...It is equally clear that these species are important in biology and medicine [6]....
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12,468 citations
"The emerging role of reactive oxyge..." refers background in this paper
...McCord and Fridovich in 1969 reported their discovery of an enzyme that acts to convert the superoxide anion (O−2 ) to hydrogen peroxide—the enzyme now referred to as ‘superoxide dismutase’ (SOD) [58]....
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...McCord and Fridovich in 1969 reported their discovery of an enzyme that acts to convert the superoxide anion (O2 ) to hydrogen peroxide—the enzyme now referred to as ‘superoxide dismutase’ (SOD) [58]....
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...The O−2 created by Nox is converted to H2O2 (typically via SOD), and is either imported into the cell if made outside the cell, or is made in the organelle and moves to the cytosol (the intracellular fluid)....
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...O−2 is converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase (SOD), or reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the so-called Haber–Weiss reaction....
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12,240 citations
"The emerging role of reactive oxyge..." refers background in this paper
...The reviews of Valko et al [107] and more recently Chiurchiu and Maccarrone [108] provide excellent summary overviews of the dual character of RONS in a variety of disease states and in normal physiology....
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9,131 citations
"The emerging role of reactive oxyge..." refers background in this paper
...A similar point about the importance of RONS concentration is made by Droge [78]....
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...The last compound (hypochlorous acid; known to react widely with biomolecules) is thought to result from reaction between H2O2 and Cl− and involves as well the enzyme myeloperoxidase [28, 78]....
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...For example, Droge [78] highlights the way that ROS generated by the innate immune system sensitize and amplify T lymphocytes, active in the adaptive immune system....
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...Droge [78] points out that temporary excursions of RONS concentration above the normal baseline level is acceptable and even physiologically desirable since RONS must on occasion increase in order to fulfil their various physiological missions....
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7,917 citations
"The emerging role of reactive oxyge..." refers background in this paper
...ROS measured in these sources include O atoms via two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence [39] and 1O2 via infrared optical emission spectroscopy [40]....
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...The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in biology is difficult to exaggerate....
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...It was soon recognized that there were multiple ROS and they could cause damage to proteins, lipids and carbohydrates [59]....
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...For many years considered as ‘molecular hoodlums’ to be suppressed or policed by the antioxidant system, ROS, like the low molecular weight antioxidants, are now considered to be dynamic information-rich signaling molecules....
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...Briefly, this paper summarizes recent research showing that ROS are thought to be the key agents in all classes of antibiotics and for certain anti-fungal and anti-parasite drugs; that RONS are at the heart of many cancer therapies, including radiation therapy, PDT and even some chemotherapies; and that RONS play key roles in wound healing therapies....
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