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Journal ArticleDOI

The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis

TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for analysing nonlinear and nonstationary data has been developed, which is the key part of the method is the empirical mode decomposition method with which any complicated data set can be decoded.
Abstract: A new method for analysing nonlinear and non-stationary data has been developed. The key part of the method is the empirical mode decomposition method with which any complicated data set can be dec...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulation results demonstrate that FABEMD is not only faster and adaptive, but also outperforms the original BEMD in terms of the quality of the BIMFs.
Abstract: A novel approach for bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) is proposed in this paper. BEMD decomposes an image into multiple hierarchical components known as bidimensional intrinsic mode functions (BIMFs). In each iteration of the process, two-dimensional (2D) interpolation is applied to a set of local maxima (minima) points to form the upper (lower) envelope. But, 2D scattered data interpolation methods cause huge computation time and other artifacts in the decomposition. This paper suggests a simple, but effective, method of envelope estimation that replaces the surface interpolation. In this method, order statistics filters are used to get the upper and lower envelopes, where filter size is derived from the data. Based on the properties of the proposed approach, it is considered as fast and adaptive BEMD (FABEMD). Simulation results demonstrate that FABEMD is not only faster and adaptive, but also outperforms the original BEMD in terms of the quality of the BIMFs.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based approach for rotating machine fault diagnosis is investigated, which is a new time-frequency analyzing method for nonlinear and non-stationary signals.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the ungrounded essentially nonlinear end attachment is capable of passively absorbing broadband energy at both high and low frequencies, acting, in essence, as a passive broadband boundary controller.
Abstract: We study numerically and analytically the dynamics of passive energy transfer from a damped linear oscillator to an essentially nonlinear end attachment. This transfer is caused by either fundamental or subharmonic resonance capture, and in some cases is initiated by nonlinear beat phenomena. It is shown that, due to the essential nonlinearity, the end attachment is capable of passively absorbing broadband energy at both high and low frequencies, acting, in essence, as a passive broadband boundary controller. Complicated transitions in the damped dynamics can be interpreted based on the topological structure and bifurcations of the periodic solutions of the underlying undamped system. Moreover, complex resonance capture cascades are numerically encountered when we increase the number of degrees of freedom of the system. The ungrounded essentially nonlinear end attachment discussed in this work can find application in numerous practical settings, including vibration and shock isolation of structures, seism...

188 citations


Cites methods from "The empirical mode decomposition an..."

  • ...The multifrequency content of the transient response is evident and is quantified in Figure 17(b), where the instantaneous frequency of the time series is computed by applying the numerical Hilbert transform (Huang et al. (1998))....

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  • ...The multifrequency content of the transient response is evident and is quantified in Figure 17(b), where the instantaneous frequency of the time series is computed by applying the numerical Hilbert transform (Huang et al. (1998)). As energy decreases due to damping dissipation, a series of eight resonance capture cascades is observed, i.e., of transient resonances of the NES with a number of nonlinear modes of the system. The complexity of the nonlinear dynamics of the system is evidenced by the fact that of these eight captures only two (labeled IV and VII in Figure 17(b)) involve the linearized in-phase and out-of-phase modes of the linear oscillator, with the remaining involving essentially nonlinear interactions of the NES with different low- and high-frequency nonlinear modes of the system. During each resonance capture the NES passively absorbs energy from the nonlinear mode involved, before escape from resonance capture occurs and the NES transiently resonates with the next mode in the series. In essence, the NES acts as a passive, broadband boundary controller, absorbing, confining, and eliminating vibration energy from the linear oscillator. Similar types of resonance capture cascades were reported in previous works where grounded NESs, weakly coupled to the linear structure, were examined (Vakakis et al. (2003))....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this study, ECG signals are subjected to DCT, DWT and EMD to obtain respective coefficients, which are reduced using Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) data reduction method, and ranked using F-value to achieve the best classification performance.

188 citations


Cites background or methods from "The empirical mode decomposition an..."

  • ...Using an iterative method known as sifting method, IMFs are obtained for a signal (Huang et al., 1998; Pachori et al., 2015; Martis et al., 2012)....

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  • ...The basis of EMD is to decompose a signal x (t) into sets of frequency and amplitude modulated signal components, Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) that has its own characteristic oscillations (Huang et al., 1998)....

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  • ...AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T EMD is signal dependent and adaptive approach, which is highly efficient (Huang et al., 1998)....

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  • ...The EMD methodology is described in (Huang et al., 1998)....

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  • ...Finally extract the IMF from a signal by subtracting the average of envelopes (maxima and minima) (Huang et al., 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an energy difference tracking method is proposed to define the intrinsic mode function (IMF) in the EMD method, based on the integrity and orthogonality of the EMF.

188 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states, and systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions.
Abstract: Finite systems of deterministic ordinary nonlinear differential equations may be designed to represent forced dissipative hydrodynamic flow. Solutions of these equations can be identified with trajectories in phase space For those systems with bounded solutions, it is found that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into consider­ably different states. Systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions.

16,554 citations


"The empirical mode decomposition an..." refers background in this paper

  • ...(ii) Lorenz equation The famous Lorenz equation (Lorenz 1963) was proposed initially to study deterministic non-periodic flow....

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Book
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this paper, a general overview of the nonlinear theory of water wave dynamics is presented, including the Wave Equation, the Wave Hierarchies, and the Variational Method of Wave Dispersion.
Abstract: Introduction and General Outline. HYPERBOLIC WAVES. Waves and First Order Equations. Specific Problems. Burger's Equation. Hyperbolic Systems. Gas Dynamics. The Wave Equation. Shock Dynamics. The Propagation of Weak Shocks. Wave Hierarchies. DISPERSIVE WAVES. Linear Dispersive Waves. Wave Patterns. Water Waves. Nonlinear Dispersion and the Variational Method. Group Velocities, Instability, and Higher Order Dispersion. Applications of the Nonlinear Theory. Exact Solutions: Interacting Solitary Waves. References. Index.

8,808 citations

Book
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: A revised and expanded edition of this classic reference/text, covering the latest techniques for the analysis and measurement of stationary and nonstationary random data passing through physical systems, is presented in this article.
Abstract: From the Publisher: A revised and expanded edition of this classic reference/text, covering the latest techniques for the analysis and measurement of stationary and nonstationary random data passing through physical systems. With more than 100,000 copies in print and six foreign translations, the first edition standardized the methodology in this field. This new edition covers all new procedures developed since 1971 and extends the application of random data analysis to aerospace and automotive research; digital data analysis; dynamic test programs; fluid turbulence analysis; industrial noise control; oceanographic data analysis; system identification problems; and many other fields. Includes new formulas for statistical error analysis of desired estimates, new examples and problem sets.

6,693 citations


"The empirical mode decomposition an..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A brief tutorial on the Hilbert transform with the emphasis on its physical interpretation can be found in Bendat & Piersol (1986)....

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01 Jan 1946

5,910 citations


"The empirical mode decomposition an..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...In order to obtain meaningful instantaneous frequency, restrictive conditions have to be imposed on the data as discussed by Gabor (1946), Bedrosian (1963) and, more recently, Boashash (1992): for any function to have a meaningful instantaneous frequency, the real part of its Fourier transform has…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the representations of the noise currents given in Section 2.8 to derive some statistical properties of I(t) and its zeros and maxima.
Abstract: In this section we use the representations of the noise currents given in section 2.8 to derive some statistical properties of I(t). The first six sections are concerned with the probability distribution of I(t) and of its zeros and maxima. Sections 3.7 and 3.8 are concerned with the statistical properties of the envelope of I(t). Fluctuations of integrals involving I2(t) are discussed in section 3.9. The probability distribution of a sine wave plus a noise current is given in 3.10 and in 3.11 an alternative method of deriving the results of Part III is mentioned. Prof. Uhlenbeck has pointed out that much of the material in this Part is closely connected with the theory of Markoff processes. Also S. Chandrasekhar has written a review of a class of physical problems which is related, in a general way, to the present subject.22

5,806 citations


"The empirical mode decomposition an..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In general, if more quantitative results are desired, the original skeleton presentation is better; if more qualitative results are desired, the smoothed presentation is better....

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  • ...Therefore, the parameter, ν, defined as N21 −N20 = 1 π2 m4m0 −m22 m2m0 = 1 π2 ν2, (3.7) offers a standard bandwidth measure (see, for example, Rice 1944a, b, 1945a, b; Longuet-Higgins 1957)....

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