The eruption of Airbnb in tourist cities: Comparing spatial patterns of hotels and peer-to-peer accommodation in Barcelona
TL;DR: Analysis of bivariate spatial autocorrelation reveals a close spatial relationship between Airbnb and hotels, with a marked centre-periphery pattern, although Airbnb predominates around the city's main hotel axis and hotels predominate in some peripheral areas of the city.
About: This article is published in Tourism Management.The article was published on 2017-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 438 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Sharing economy.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on Sydney, the largest region in Australia with 4.4 million people in 28 individual municipalities, which has experienced both rapidly rising housing costs and exponential growth in Airbnb listings since 2011.
Abstract: Problem, research strategy, and findings: The online accommodation platform Airbnb has expanded globally, raising substantial planning and regulatory concerns. We ask whether Airbnb rentals generate significant neighborhood impacts like noise, congestion, and competition for parking; reduce the permanent rental housing supply and increase rental prices; or provide income opportunities that help “hosts” afford their own housing. We focus on Sydney, the largest region in Australia with 4.4 million people in 28 individual municipalities, which has experienced both rapidly rising housing costs and exponential growth in Airbnb listings since 2011. Airbnb’s growth has raised concerns serious enough to result in a formal Parliamentary Inquiry by the state of New South Wales. We analyze stakeholder submissions to this inquiry and review local planning regulations, Airbnb listings data, and housing market and census statistics. We find that online homesharing platforms for visitor accommodations blur traditional b...
356 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the short-term effects of the growth of home sharing in Boston neighborhoods on the rental market and found that a one standard deviation increase in Airbnb listings is associated with an increase in asking rents of 0.4%.
257 citations
Posted Content•
227 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the state of eTourism research in terms of its significance to academic literature linking Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and tourism and highlighted the changes that this sector has experienced since then.
209 citations
TL;DR: In recent years, home-sharing platform Airbnb has developed into a major player in the tourism sector, allowing tourists to have authentic, off-the-beaten-track experiences in neighbourhoods previ...
Abstract: In recent years, home-sharing platform Airbnb has developed into a major player in the tourism sector. It allows tourists to have authentic, off-the-beaten-track experiences in neighbourhoods previ...
194 citations
Cites background from "The eruption of Airbnb in tourist c..."
...Therefore, this research looks at several different aspects of the policy-making process surrounding Airbnb in cities, by answering the following research question: how do different cities regulate the impacts of Airbnb? The selected cities are all located in Europe or the United States, where Airbnb is most present (Gutiérrez et al., 2017)....
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...To study which regulations have been implemented and for what reasons, we investigated policy documents of 11 cities in Europe and the United States, the continents where Airbnb is most active (Gutiérrez et al., 2017)....
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...The selected cities are all located in Europe or the United States, where Airbnb is most present (Gutiérrez et al., 2017)....
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...Next to these social factors, the lower prices (Guttentag, 2015; Gutiérrez et al., 2017; Stors & Kagermeier, 2015) are an important economic factor explaining the success of Airbnb (Oskam & Boswijk, 2016; Tussyadiah & Pesonen, 2016)....
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..., 2016; Holm, 2016) to the spatial pattern of Airbnb in cities (Arias-Sans & Quaglieri, 2016; Cócola Gant, 2016; Gutiérrez et al., 2017)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new general class of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) is proposed, which allow for the decomposition of global indicators, such as Moran's I, into the contribution of each observation.
Abstract: The capabilities for visualization, rapid data retrieval, and manipulation in geographic information systems (GIS) have created the need for new techniques of exploratory data analysis that focus on the “spatial” aspects of the data. The identification of local patterns of spatial association is an important concern in this respect. In this paper, I outline a new general class of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and show how they allow for the decomposition of global indicators, such as Moran's I, into the contribution of each observation. The LISA statistics serve two purposes. On one hand, they may be interpreted as indicators of local pockets of nonstationarity, or hot spots, similar to the Gi and G*i statistics of Getis and Ord (1992). On the other hand, they may be used to assess the influence of individual locations on the magnitude of the global statistic and to identify “outliers,” as in Anselin's Moran scatterplot (1993a). An initial evaluation of the properties of a LISA statistic is carried out for the local Moran, which is applied in a study of the spatial pattern of conflict for African countries and in a number of Monte Carlo simulations.
8,933 citations
TL;DR: The development of specialized software for spatial data analysis has seen rapid growth since the lack of such tools was lamented in the late 1980s by Haining (1989) and cited as a major impediment to the adoption and use of spatial statistics by GIS researchers.
Abstract: The development of specialized software for spatial data analysis has seen rapid growth since the lack of such tools was lamented in the late 1980s by Haining (1989) and cited as a major impediment to the adoption and use of spatial statistics by GIS researchers. Initially, attention tended to focus on conceptual issues, such as how to integrate spatial statistical methods and a GIS environment (loosely vs. tightly coupled, embedded vs. modular, etc.), and which techniques would be most fruitfully included in such a framework. Familiar reviews of these issues are represented in, among others, Anselin and Getis (1992), Goodchild et al. (1992), Fischer and Nijkamp (1993), Fotheringham and Rogerson (1993, 1994), Fischer et al. (1996), and Fischer and Getis (1997). Today, the situation is quite different, and a fairly substantial collection of spatial data analysis software is readily available, ranging from niche programs, customized scripts and extensions for commercial statistical and GIS packages, to a burgeoning open source effort using software environments such as R, Java and Python. This is exemplified by the growing contents of the software tools clearing house maintained by the U.S.- based Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science [CSISS] (see http://www.csiss.org/clearinghouse/).
2,481 citations
"The eruption of Airbnb in tourist c..." refers background in this paper
...The main advantage is that it also allows the computation of a bivariate spatial Moran’s I autocorrelation index (Anselin et al., 2006)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare sharing and collaborative consumption and find that both are growing in popularity today and make an assessment of the reasons for the current growth in these practices and their implications for businesses still using traditional models of sales and ownership.
2,154 citations
"The eruption of Airbnb in tourist c..." refers background in this paper
...The Internet and especially Web 2.0 has brought about many new ways of sharing as well as facilitating older forms of sharing on a larger scale (Belk, 2014; Botsman y Rogers, 2011)....
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Book•
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The authors of What's Mine is Yours as mentioned in this paper describe how these three models come together to form a new economy of more sustainable consumerism and explore how businesses will both prosper and fail in this environment, and examine how it has the potential to help create the mass sustainable change in consumer behaviors this planet so desperately needs.
Abstract: WHAT'S MINE IS YOURS is about Collaborative Consumption, a new, emerging economy made possible by online social networks and fueled by increasing cost consciousness and environmental necessity. Collaborative Consumption occurs when people participate in organized sharing, bartering, trading, renting, swapping, and collectives to get the same pleasures of ownership with reduced personal cost and burden, and lower environmental impact. The book addresses three growing models of Collaborative Consumption: Product Service Systems, Communal Economies, and Redistribution Markets. The first, Product Service Systems, reflects the increasing number of people from all different backgrounds and across ages who are buying into the idea of using the service of the product-what it does for them-without owning it. Examples include Zipcar and Ziploc, and these companies are disrupting traditional industries based on models of individual ownership. Second, in what the authors define as Communal Economies, there is a growing realization that as individual consumers, we have relatively little in the way of bargaining power with corporations. A crowd of consumers, however, introduces a different, empowering dynamic. Online networks are bringing people together again and making them more willing to leverage the proverbial power of numbers. Examples of this second category include Etsy, an online market for handcrafts, or the social lending marketplace Zopa. The third model is Redistribution Markets, exemplified by worldwide networks such as Freecycle and Ebay as well as emerging forms of modern day bartering and "swap trading" such as Zwaggle, Swaptree, and Zunafish. Social networks facilitate consumer-to-consumer marketplaces that redistribute goods from where they are not needed to somewhere or someone where they are. This business model encourages reusing/reselling of old items rather them throwing them out, thereby reducing the waste and carbon emissions that go along with new production. WHAT'S MINE IS YOURS describes how these three models come together to form a new economy of more sustainable consumerism. Collaborative Consumption started as a trend in conjunction with the emergence of shared collective content/information sites such as Wikipedia and Flickr and with the recent economic troubles and increasing environmental awareness, it is growing into an international movement. The authors predict it will be a fully fledged economy within the next five years. In this book the authors travel among the quiet revolutionaries (consumers and companies) from all around the world. They explore how businesses will both prosper and fail in this environment, and, in particular, they examine how it has the potential to help create the mass sustainable change in consumer behaviors this planet so desperately needs. The authors themselves are environmentalists, but they are also entrepreneurs, parents, and optimistic citizens. This is a good news book about long-term positive change.
1,541 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the impact of the short-term accommodation market on the hotel industry and find that the impact is non-uniformly distributed, with lower-priced hotels and those hotels not catering to business travelers being the most affected.
Abstract: Peer-to-peer markets, collectively known as the sharing economy, have emerged as alternative suppliers of goods and services traditionally provided by long-established industries. A central question regards the impact of these sharing economy platforms on incumbent firms. We study the case of Airbnb, specifically analyzing Airbnb’s entry into the short-term accommodation market in Texas and its impact on the incumbent hotel industry. We first explore Airbnb’s impact on hotel revenue, by using a difference- in-differences empirical strategy that exploits the significant spatiotemporal variation in the patterns of Airbnb adoption across city-level markets. We estimate that in Austin, where Airbnb supply is highest, the causal impact on hotel revenue is in the 8-10% range; moreover, the impact is non-uniformly distributed, with lower-priced hotels and those hotels not catering to business travelers being the most affected. We find that this impact materializes through less aggressive hotel room pricing, an impact that benefits all consumers, not just participants in the sharing economy. The impact on hotel prices is especially pronounced during periods of peak demand, such as SXSW. We find that by enabling supply to scale – a differentiating feature of peer-to-peer platforms – Airbnb has significantly crimped hotels’ ability to raise prices during periods of peak demand. Our work provides empirical evidence that the sharing economy is making inroads by successfully competing with, differentiating from, and acquiring market share from incumbent firms.
1,519 citations
"The eruption of Airbnb in tourist c..." refers background or methods in this paper
...As Zervas et al. (2014) point out, Airbnb can potentially expand supply wherever houses and apartment buildings already exist, in contrast to hotels, which must be built at locations in accordance with local zoning requirements....
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...According to the estimations of Zervas et al. (2014), in Texas each additional 10% increase in the size of the Airbnb market resulted in a 0.37% decrease in hotel room revenue....
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...Although Airbnb remains privately held, its valuation of over $10 billion now exceeds that of well-established global hotel chains like Hyatt (Zervas et al., 2014)....
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...Zervas et al. (2014) have studied the impact of Airbnb’s entry into the Texas market on hotel 1 The disruptive innovation theory describes how products that lack in traditionally favoured attributes but offer alternative benefits can, over time, transform a market and capture mainstream consumers…...
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