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The female offender girls, women, and crime

TL;DR: In this article, Laidler et al. discuss the nature and causes of women's crime and the nature of the pathways to women's criminal behavior, including domestic violence, drugs, prostitution, and gang membership.
Abstract: Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Girls' Troubles and "Female Delinquency Trends in Girls' Arrests Boys' Theories and Girls' Lives Criminalizing Girls' Survival: Abuse, Victimization, and Girls' Official Delinquency Delinquency Theory and Gender: Beyond Status Offenses Chapter 3. Girls, Gangs, and Violence: Rediscovering the "Liberated Female Crook" The Media, Girls of Color, and Gangs Trends in Girls' Violence and Aggression Girl Gang Membership Girls and Gangs: Qualitative Studies Labeling Girls Violent? Girls, Gangs, and Media Hype: A Final Note 4. The Juvenile Justice System and Girls "The Best Place to Conquer Girls" Girls and Juvenile Justice Reform Deinstitutionalization and Judicial Paternalism: Challenges to the Double Standard of Juvenile Justice Rising Detentions and Racialized Justice Offense Patterns of Girls in Custody--Bootstrapping Deinstitutionalization or Transinstitutionalization? Girls and the Mental Health System Small Numbers Don't Mean Small Problems: Girls in Institutions Instead of Incarceration: What Could Be Done to Meet the Needs of Girls? Chapter 5. Trends in Women's Crime Unruly Women: A Brief History of Women's Offenses Trends in Women's Arrests How Could She? The Nature and Causes of Women's Crime Big Time/Small Time Pathways to Women's Crime Beyond the Street Woman: Resurrecting the Liberated Female Crook? The Revival of the "Violent Female Offender" Chapter 6. Drugs, Violence, and Women's Crime - with Karen Joe Laidler Drug Use in a Multiethnic Community A Profile of the Women The Family: Conflict and Comfort Dealing With Family Turmoil Pathway to Drugs Demystifying Women of Color Gender, Culture, and Drug Use "Crack Pipe as Pimp": Drugs, Ethnicity, and Gender in African American Communities Prostitution and Drug Use Victimization, Prostitution, and Women's Crime Conclusion Chapter 7. Sentencing Women to Prison: Equality Without Justice Trends in Women's Crime: A Reprise Women, Violent Crimes, and the War on Drugs Getting Tough on Women's Crime Building More Women's Prisons Profile of Women in U.S. Prisons Reducing Women's Imprisonment Through Effective Community-Based Strategies and Programs Detention Versus Prevention Chapter 8. Conclusion References Index About the Authors
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used interview and survey data to identify gender-responsive offending pathways and found that women were more likely to report gender responsiveness to gender-related offending pathways compared to men in the interviews and surveys.
Abstract: Although qualitative research in the area of gender-responsive offending pathways has grown extensively, little quantitative work has been conducted. This study utilizes interview and survey data t...

458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of gender-responsive assessment models were tested for their contributions to widely used gender-neutral risk needs assessments, and subsets of the genderresponsive scales achieved statistically significant contributions to gender neutral models, including parental stress, family support, self-efficacy, educational assets, housing safety, anger/hostility, and current mental health factors.
Abstract: A growing body of scholarship faults existing risk/needs assessment models for neglecting the risk factors most relevant to women offenders. In response, a series of gender-responsive assessment models were tested for their contributions to widely used gender-neutral risk needs assessments. In six of eight samples studied, subsets of the gender-responsive scales achieved statistically significant contributions to gender-neutral models. Promising results were found for the following: (a) parental stress, family support, self-efficacy, educational assets, housing safety, anger/hostility, and current mental health factors in probation samples; (b) child abuse, anger/hostility, relationship dysfunction, family support, and current mental health factors among prisoners; and (c) adult victimization, anger/hostility, educational assets, and family support among released inmates. The predictive validity of gender-neutral assessments was strong in seven of eight samples studied. However, findings for both gender-n...

379 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the importance of gender in terms of program design and delivery and describe the context for the development of effective gender-responsive programming for women using the pathways theory of women's criminality.
Abstract: SUMMARY As the number of women under correctional supervision continues to increase, there is an emerging awareness that women offenders present different issues than their male counterparts. This paper addresses the importance of gender in terms of program design and delivery and describes the context for the development of effective gender-responsive programming for women. Using the pathways theory of women's criminality, the elements that should be considered in women's treatment and services are addressed, such as: program environment/culture, staff competencies, theoretical foundation, treatment modalities, reentry issues, and collaboration. The content of gender-responsive programming that integrates substance abuse and trauma services is also discussed.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that public policy has ignored the context of women's lives and that women offenders have disproportionately suffered from the impact of ill-informed public policy, and that addressing the differences between women and men in criminal behavior and to their antecedents is critical to gender-responsive policy.
Abstract: At 17%, women represent a significant proportion of all offenders under criminal justice supervision in the US. Drawing on the findings from their report, “Gender-Responsive Strategies: Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders,” the authors maintain that public policy has ignored the context of women's lives and that women offenders have disproportionately suffered from the impact of ill-informed public policy. This discussion of the implications of gender within the criminal justice system is based on a simple assumption: responding to the differences between women and men in criminal behavior and to their antecedents is critical to gender-responsive policy. Building on the pathway theoretical perspective, we find that in addition to the gendered impact of the war on drugs, policy changes in welfare reform, housing, and other social policy arenas combine to create a disparate impact on drug abusing women and women of color. Key policy areas affecting the lives of women offenders and their children include welfare benefits, drug treatment, housing, education, employment, and reunification with children. We conclude that addressing the realities of women's lives through gender-responsive policy and programs is fundamental to improved outcomes at all criminal justice phases. A blueprint for gender-responsive policy development is described through six guiding principles and their policy implications.

305 citations