The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
Peter de Barros Damgaard,Rui Martiniano,Rui Martiniano,Jack Kamm,J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar,Guus Kroonen,Guus Kroonen,Michaël Peyrot,Gojko Barjamovic,Simon Rasmussen,Claus M. Zacho,Nurbol Baimukhanov,Victor Zaibert,Victor Merz,Arjun Biddanda,Ilja Merz,Valeriy Loman,Valeriy Evdokimov,Emma Usmanova,Brian E. Hemphill,Andaine Seguin-Orlando,Fulya Eylem Yediay,Inam Ullah,Inam Ullah,Karl-Göran Sjögren,Katrine Højholt Iversen,Jeremy Choin,Constanza de la Fuente,Melissa Ilardo,Hannes Schroeder,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,Andrey Gromov,Andrei V. Polyakov,Sachihiro Omura,Süleyman Yücel Senyurt,Habib Ahmad,Habib Ahmad,Catriona McKenzie,Ashot Margaryan,Abdul Hameed,Abdul Samad,Nazish Gul,Muhammad Hassan Khokhar,Olga I. Goriunova,Olga I. Goriunova,Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii,John Novembre,Andrzej W. Weber,Ludovic Orlando,Ludovic Orlando,Morten E. Allentoft,Rasmus Nielsen,Kristian Kristiansen,Martin Sikora,Alan K. Outram,Richard Durbin,Richard Durbin,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev +59 more
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TLDR
Analysis of ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia shows that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya, and suggests distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, YamNaya culture.Abstract:
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyze 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after but not at the time of Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.read more
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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
Iosif Lazaridis,Iosif Lazaridis,Nick Patterson,Alissa Mittnik,Gabriel Renaud,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Karola Kirsanow,Peter H. Sudmant,Joshua G. Schraiber,Joshua G. Schraiber,Sergi Castellano,Mark Lipson,Bonnie Berger,Bonnie Berger,Christos Economou,Ruth Bollongino,Qiaomei Fu,Kirsten I. Bos,Susanne Nordenfelt,Susanne Nordenfelt,Heng Li,Heng Li,Cesare de Filippo,Kay Prüfer,Susanna Sawyer,Cosimo Posth,Wolfgang Haak,Fredrik Hallgren,Elin Fornander,Nadin Rohland,Nadin Rohland,Dominique Delsate,Michael Francken,Jean-Michel Guinet,Joachim Wahl,George Ayodo,Hamza A. Babiker,Hamza A. Babiker,Graciela Bailliet,Elena Balanovska,Oleg Balanovsky,Ramiro Barrantes,Gabriel Bedoya,Haim Ben-Ami,Judit Bene,Fouad Berrada,Claudio M. Bravi,Francesca Brisighelli,George B.J. Busby,Francesco Calì,Mikhail Churnosov,David E. C. Cole,Daniel Corach,Larissa Damba,George van Driem,Stanislav Dryomov,Jean-Michel Dugoujon,Sardana A. Fedorova,Irene Gallego Romero,Marina Gubina,Michael F. Hammer,Brenna M. Henn,Tor Hervig,Ugur Hodoglugil,Aashish R. Jha,Sena Karachanak-Yankova,Rita Khusainova,Elza Khusnutdinova,Rick A. Kittles,Toomas Kivisild,William Klitz,Vaidutis Kučinskas,Alena Kushniarevich,Leila Laredj,Sergey Litvinov,Theologos Loukidis,Theologos Loukidis,Robert W. Mahley,Béla Melegh,Ene Metspalu,Julio Molina,Joanna L. Mountain,Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi,Desislava Nesheva,Thomas B. Nyambo,Ludmila P. Osipova,Jüri Parik,Fedor Platonov,Olga L. Posukh,Valentino Romano,Francisco Rothhammer,Francisco Rothhammer,Igor Rudan,Ruslan Ruizbakiev,Hovhannes Sahakyan,Hovhannes Sahakyan,Antti Sajantila,Antonio Salas,Elena B. Starikovskaya,Ayele Tarekegn,Draga Toncheva,Shahlo Turdikulova,Ingrida Uktveryte,Olga Utevska,René Vasquez,Mercedes Villena,Mikhail Voevoda,Cheryl A. Winkler,Levon Yepiskoposyan,Pierre Zalloua,Pierre Zalloua,Tatijana Zemunik,Alan Cooper,Cristian Capelli,Mark G. Thomas,Andres Ruiz-Linares,Sarah A. Tishkoff,Lalji Singh,Kumarasamy Thangaraj,Richard Villems,Richard Villems,Richard Villems,David Comas,Rem I. Sukernik,Mait Metspalu,Matthias Meyer,Evan E. Eichler,Joachim Burger,Montgomery Slatkin,Svante Pääbo,Janet Kelso,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich,Johannes Krause,Johannes Krause +136 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunters-gatherer related ancestry.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan,Nick Patterson,Nick Patterson,Priya Moorjani,Nadin Rohland,Nadin Rohland,Rebecca Bernardos,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Swapan Mallick,Iosif Lazaridis,Nathan Nakatsuka,Nathan Nakatsuka,Iñigo Olalde,Mark Lipson,Alexander M. Kim,Luca M. Olivieri,Alfredo Coppa,Massimo Vidale,James Mallory,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,Egor Kitov,Egor Kitov,Janet Monge,Nicole Adamski,Nicole Adamski,Neel Alex,Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht,Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht,Francesca Candilio,Kimberly Callan,Kimberly Callan,Olivia Cheronet,Olivia Cheronet,Brendan J. Culleton,Matthew Ferry,Matthew Ferry,Daniel Fernandes,Suzanne Freilich,Beatriz Gamarra,Daniel Gaudio,Mateja Hajdinjak,Eadaoin Harney,Eadaoin Harney,Thomas K. Harper,Denise Keating,Ann Marie Lawson,Ann Marie Lawson,Matthew Mah,Matthew Mah,Matthew Mah,Kirsten Mandl,Megan Michel,Megan Michel,Mario Novak,Jonas Oppenheimer,Jonas Oppenheimer,Niraj Rai,Niraj Rai,Kendra Sirak,Kendra Sirak,Kendra Sirak,Viviane Slon,Kristin Stewardson,Kristin Stewardson,Fatma Zalzala,Fatma Zalzala,Zhao Zhang,Gaziz Akhatov,Anatoly N. Bagashev,Alessandra Bagnera,Bauryzhan Baitanayev,Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento,Arman A. Bissembaev,Gian Luca Bonora,T Chargynov,T. A. Chikisheva,Petr K. Dashkovskiy,Anatoly P. Derevianko,Miroslav Dobeš,Katerina Douka,Katerina Douka,Nadezhda Dubova,Meiram N. Duisengali,Dmitry Enshin,Andrey Epimakhov,Alexey Fribus,Dorian Q. Fuller,Dorian Q. Fuller,Alexander Goryachev,Andrey Gromov,S. P. Grushin,Bryan Hanks,Margaret A. Judd,Erlan Kazizov,Aleksander Khokhlov,Aleksander P. Krygin,Elena Kupriyanova,Pavel Kuznetsov,Donata Luiselli,Farhod Maksudov,Aslan M. Mamedov,Talgat B. Mamirov,Christopher Meiklejohn,Deborah C. Merrett,Roberto Micheli,Oleg Mochalov,Samariddin Mustafokulov,Ayushi Nayak,Davide Pettener,Richard Potts,Dmitry Razhev,Marina Petrovna Rykun,Stefania Sarno,Tatyana M. Savenkova,Kulyan Sikhymbaeva,Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko,Oroz A. Soltobaev,Nadezhda Stepanova,Svetlana V. Svyatko,Svetlana V. Svyatko,Kubatbek Tabaldiev,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Maria Teschler-Nicola,Alexey A. Tishkin,Vitaly V. Tkachev,Sergey Vasilyev,Petr Velemínský,Dmitriy Voyakin,Antonina Yermolayeva,Muhammad Zahir,Muhammad Zahir,Valery S. Zubkov,A. V. Zubova,Vasant Shinde,Carles Lalueza-Fox,Matthias Meyer,David W. Anthony,Nicole Boivin,Kumarasamy Thangaraj,Douglas J. Kennett,Douglas J. Kennett,Michael D. Frachetti,Ron Pinhasi,Ron Pinhasi,David Reich +145 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Steppe ancestry then integrated further south in the first half of the second millennium BCE, contributing up to 30% of the ancestry of modern groups in South Asia, supporting the idea that the archaeologically documented dispersal of domesticates was accompanied by the spread of people from multiple centers of domestication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early human dispersals within the Americas.
J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar,Lasse Vinner,Peter de Barros Damgaard,Constanza de la Fuente,Jeffrey Chan,Jeffrey P. Spence,Morten E. Allentoft,Tharsika Vimala,Fernando Racimo,Thomaz Pinotti,Simon Rasmussen,Ashot Margaryan,Ashot Margaryan,Miren Iraeta Orbegozo,Dorothea Mylopotamitaki,Matthew J. Wooller,Clement P. Bataille,Lorena Becerra-Valdivia,David Chivall,Daniel Comeskey,Thibaut Devièse,Donald K. Grayson,Len George,Harold Harry,Verner Alexandersen,Charlotte Primeau,Jon M. Erlandson,Claudia Rodrigues-Carvalho,Silvia Reis,Murilo Q.R. Bastos,Jerome S. Cybulski,Jerome S. Cybulski,Carlos Vullo,Flavia Morello,Miguel Vilar,Spencer Wells,Kristian Gregersen,Kasper Lykke Hansen,Niels Lynnerup,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Kurt H. Kjær,André Strauss,André Strauss,Marta P. Alfonso-Durruty,Antonio Salas,Hannes Schroeder,Thomas Higham,Ripan S. Malhi,Jeffrey T. Rasic,Luiz Henrique Souza,Fabrício R. Santos,Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas,Martin Sikora,Rasmus Nielsen,Rasmus Nielsen,Yun S. Song,David J. Meltzer,David J. Meltzer,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev,Eske Willerslev +60 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the oldest genomes suggests that there was an early split within Beringian populations, giving rise to the Northern and Southern lineages, and that the early population spread widely and rapidly suggests that their access to large portions of the hemisphere was essentially unrestricted, yet there are genomic and archaeological hints of an earlier human presence.
Journal ArticleDOI
The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene
Martin Sikora,Vladimir V. Pitulko,Vitor C. Sousa,Vitor C. Sousa,Vitor C. Sousa,Morten E. Allentoft,Lasse Vinner,Simon Rasmussen,Simon Rasmussen,Ashot Margaryan,Peter de Barros Damgaard,Constanza de la Fuente Castro,Constanza de la Fuente Castro,Gabriel Renaud,Melinda A. Yang,Qiaomei Fu,Isabelle Dupanloup,Konstantinos Giampoudakis,David Nogués-Bravo,Carsten Rahbek,Guus Kroonen,Guus Kroonen,Michaël Peyrot,Hugh McColl,Sergey Vasilyev,Elizaveta Veselovskaya,Margarita Gerasimova,Elena Y. Pavlova,Elena Y. Pavlova,Vyacheslav G. Chasnyk,Pavel A. Nikolskiy,Andrei V. Gromov,Valeriy I. Khartanovich,Vyacheslav Moiseyev,P. S. Grebenyuk,Alexander Yu. Fedorchenko,A. I. Lebedintsev,Sergey B. Slobodin,Boris Malyarchuk,Rui Martiniano,Morten Meldgaard,Morten Meldgaard,Laura Arppe,Jukka U. Palo,Jukka U. Palo,Tarja Sundell,Kristiina Mannermaa,Mikko Putkonen,Verner Alexandersen,Charlotte Primeau,Nurbol Baimukhanov,Ripan S. Malhi,Karl-Göran Sjögren,Kristian Kristiansen,Anna Wessman,Anna Wessman,Antti Sajantila,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Marta Mirazón Lahr,Richard Durbin,Richard Durbin,Rasmus Nielsen,Rasmus Nielsen,David J. Meltzer,David J. Meltzer,Laurent Excoffier,Laurent Excoffier,Eske Willerslev +67 more
TL;DR: Analysis of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes from northeastern Siberia reveal at least three major migration events in the late Pleistocene population history of the region, including an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of ‘Ancient North Siberians’ and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, which generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paleolithic to Bronze Age Siberians Reveal Connections with First Americans and across Eurasia
He Yu,Maria A. Spyrou,Marina K. Karapetian,Svetlana Shnaider,Rita Radzevičiūtė,Kathrin Nägele,Gunnar U. Neumann,Sandra Penske,Jana Zech,Mary Lucas,Petrus LeRoux,Patrick Roberts,G.D. Pavlenok,Alexandra P. Buzhilova,Cosimo Posth,Cosimo Posth,Choongwon Jeong,Choongwon Jeong,Johannes Krause +18 more
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the most deeply divergent connection between Upper Paleolithic Siberians and the First Americans and reveals human and pathogen mobility across Eurasia during the Bronze Age.
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