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Journal ArticleDOI

The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity

01 Mar 2001-Personality and Individual Differences (Elsevier BV)-Vol. 30, Iss: 4, pp 669-689
TL;DR: The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale as mentioned in this paper was developed to identify four distinct personality facets associated with impulsive-like behavior which were labeled urgency, lack of premeditation, pre-emption, and perseverance.
About: This article is published in Personality and Individual Differences.The article was published on 2001-03-01. It has received 3440 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Alternative five model of personality & Facet (psychology).
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that addicted people become unable to make drug-use choices on the basis of long-term outcome, and a neural framework is proposed that explains this myopia for future consequences.
Abstract: Here I argue that addicted people become unable to make drug-use choices on the basis of long-term outcome, and I propose a neural framework that explains this myopia for future consequences. I suggest that addiction is the product of an imbalance between two separate, but interacting, neural systems that control decision making: an impulsive, amygdala system for signaling pain or pleasure of immediate prospects, and a reflective, prefrontal cortex system for signaling pain or pleasure of future prospects. After an individual learns social rules, the reflective system controls the impulsive system via several mechanisms. However, this control is not absolute; hyperactivity within the impulsive system can override the reflective system. I propose that drugs can trigger bottom-up, involuntary signals originating from the amygdala that modulate, bias or even hijack the goal-driven cognitive resources that are needed for the normal operation of the reflective system and for exercising the willpower to resist drugs.

1,906 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of individual measures of personality and categories of SWB shows that different personality and SWB scales can be substantively different and that the relationship between the two is typically much larger than previous meta-analyses have indicated.
Abstract: Understanding subjective well-being (SWB) has historically been a core human endeavor and presently spans fields from management to mental health. Previous meta-analyses have indicated that personality traits are one of the best predictors. Still, these past results indicate only a moderate relationship, weaker than suggested by several lines of reasoning. This may be because of commensurability, where researchers have grouped together substantively disparate measures in their analyses. In this article, the authors review and address this problem directly, focusing on individual measures of personality (e.g., the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and categories of SWB (e.g., life satisfaction). In addition, the authors take a multivariate approach, assessing how much variance personality traits account for individually as well as together. Results indicate that different personality and SWB scales can be substantively different and that the relationship between the two is typically much larger (e.g., 4 times) than previous meta-analyses have indicated. Total SWB variance accounted for by personality can reach as high as 39% or 63% disattenuated. These results also speak to meta-analyses in general and the need to account for scale differences once a sufficient research base has been generated.

1,404 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings indicate the existence of 2 distinct (but correlated) aspects within each of the Big Five, representing an intermediate level of personality structure between facets and domains.
Abstract: Factor analyses of 75 facet scales from 2 major Big Five inventories, in the Eugene-Springfield community sample (N=481), produced a 2-factor solution for the 15 facets in each domain. These findings indicate the existence of 2 distinct (but correlated) aspects within each of the Big Five, representing an intermediate level of personality structure between facets and domains. The authors characterized these factors in detail at the item level by correlating factor scores with the International Personality Item Pool (L. R. Goldberg, 1999). These correlations allowed the construction of a 100-item measure of the 10 factors (the Big Five Aspect Scales [BFAS]), which was validated in a 2nd sample (N=480). Finally, the authors examined the correlations of the 10 factors with scores derived from 10 genetic factors that a previous study identified underlying the shared variance among the Revised NEO Personality Inventory facets (K. L. Jang et al., 2002). The correspondence was strong enough to suggest that the 10 aspects of the Big Five may have distinct biological substrates.

1,378 citations


Cites background from "The Five Factor Model and impulsivi..."

  • ...Furthermore, Excitement Seeking is the best marker of impulsivity within Extraversion (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), and impulsivity is likely to be relatively peripheral to Extraversion (Depue & Collins, 1999)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 are examined, showing a curvilinear pattern and suggesting Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control.
Abstract: It has been hypothesized that sensation seeking and impulsivity, which are often conflated, in fact develop along different timetables and have different neural underpinnings, and that the difference in their timetables helps account for heightened risk taking during adolescence. In order to test these propositions, the authors examined age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30, using self-report and behavioral measures of each construct. Consistent with the authors' predictions, age differences in sensation seeking, which are linked to pubertal maturation, follow a curvilinear pattern, with sensation seeking increasing between 10 and 15 and declining or remaining stable thereafter. In contrast, age differences in impulsivity, which are unrelated to puberty, follow a linear pattern, with impulsivity declining steadily from age 10 on. Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control that are typical of this period of development.

1,275 citations


Cites background from "The Five Factor Model and impulsivi..."

  • ...Indeed, one of four factors extracted from an analysis of scores on a battery of impulsivity-related scales was sensation seeking ( Whiteside & Lynam, 2001 )....

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  • ...Indeed, one of four factors extracted from an analysis of scores on a battery of impulsivity-related scales was sensation seeking (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evidence that impulsivity is associated with addiction vulnerability is reviewed by considering three lines of evidence: studies of groups at high-risk for development of SUDs; studies of pathological gamblers, where the harmful consequences of the addiction on brain structure are minimised, and genetic association studies linking impulsivity to genetic risk factors for addiction.

1,273 citations


Cites background or methods from "The Five Factor Model and impulsivi..."

  • ..., 1995) or ‘lack of premeditation’ (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001)....

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  • ...Within the field of individual differences, well-validated self-report questionnaires exist to quantify the impulsive personality, including the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS; Patton et al., 1995), the Impulsivity-Venturesomeness-Empathy Scale (IVE; Eysenck et al., 1985), or the UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001, 2003)....

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  • ...…self-report questionnaires exist to quantify the impulsive personality, including the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS; Patton et al., 1995), the Impulsivity-Venturesomeness-Empathy Scale (IVE; Eysenck et al., 1985), or the UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001, 2003)....

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  • ...Reflection impulsivity, measured with the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) (Kagan, 1966) or the Information Sampling Test (Clark et al., 2006), may be related to psychometric constructs of ‘non-planning impulsivity’ (Patton et al., 1995) or ‘lack of premeditation’ (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001)....

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References
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Reference EntryDOI
11 Jun 2013

113,134 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that delinquency conceals 2 distinct categories of individuals, each with a unique natural history and etiology: a small group engages in antisocial behavior of 1 sort or another at every life stage, whereas a larger group is antisocial only during adolescence.
Abstract: This chapter suggests that delinquency conceals two distinct categories of individuals, each with a unique natural history and etiology: A small group engages in antisocial behavior of one sort or another at every life stage, whereas a larger group is antisocial only during adolescence. According to the theory of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior, children's neuropsychological problems interact cumulatively with their criminogenic environments across development, culminating m a pathological personality. According to the theory of adolescence-limited antisocial behavior, a contemporary maturity gap encourages teens to mimic antisocial behavior in ways that are normative and adjustive. There are marked individual differences in the stability of antisocial behavior. The chapter reviews the mysterious relationship between age and antisocial behavior. Some youths who refrain from antisocial behavior may, for some reason, not sense the maturity gap and therefore lack the hypothesized motivation for experimenting with crime.

9,425 citations


"The Five Factor Model and impulsivi..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Additionally, impulsivity serves as a centerpiece in etiologic theories of psychopathy (Newman & Wallace, 1993; Lynam, 1996), crime (Mo tt, 1993), and substance use (Wills, Vaccaro & McNamara, 1994)....

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  • ...For example, Newman and Wallace (1993) and Lynam (1996) have postulated that the psychopath's central de®cit is a form of impulsivity that involves the inability to inhibit previously rewarded behavior when presented with changing contingencies....

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  • ...In an e ort to understand impulsivity from a physiological perspective, Newman and colleagues (Newman & Wallace, 1993; Wallace, Newman & Bachorowski, 1991) have attempted to map Eysenck's system of personality on to Gray's neuropsychological model (Gray, 1987) of approach/avoidance learning....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.

6,818 citations

Book
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The treatment of Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been studied extensively in the literature as discussed by the authors, with a focus on the treatment of the behavioral patterns of patients with BPD.
Abstract: Part I: Theory and Concepts Borderline Personality Disorder: Concepts, Controversies, and Definitions Dialectical and Biosocial Underpinnings of Treatment Behavioral Patterns: Dialectical Dilemmas in the Treatment of Borderline Patients Part II: Treatment Overview and Goals Overview of Treatment: Targets, Strategies, and Assumptions in a Nutshell Behavioral Targets in Treatment: Behaviors to Increase and Decrease Structuring Treatment around Target Behaviors: Who Treats What and When Part III: Basic Treatment Strategies Dialectical Treatment Strategies Core Strategies: Validation Core Strategies: Problem Solving Change Procedures: Contingency Procedures of Managing Contingencies and Observing Limits Change Procedures: Skills Training, Exposure, Cognitive Modification Stylistic Strategies: Balancing Communication Case Management Strategies: Interacting with the Community Part IV: Strategies for Specific Tasks Structural Strategies Special Treatment Strategies Appendix: Suggesting Reading References Index

6,378 citations