The FLUKA code: Description and benchmarking
30 Mar 2007-Vol. 896, Iss: 1, pp 31-49
TL;DR: The physics model implemented inside the FLUKA code is briefly described in this paper, with emphasis on hadronic interactions, and examples of the capabilities of the code are presented including basic (thin target) and complex benchmarks.
Abstract: The physics model implemented inside the FLUKA code are briefly described, with emphasis on hadronic interactions. Examples of the capabilities of the code are presented including basic (thin target) and complex benchmarks.
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TL;DR: The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid, including supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors.
Abstract: The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
1,514 citations
Cites methods from "The FLUKA code: Description and ben..."
...QGSP_BERT_HP—the physics list used for neutron fluence studies and comparisons with the FLUKA simulation package [92, 93]....
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TL;DR: The FLUKA Monte Carlo code as discussed by the authors is used extensively at CERN for all beam-machine interactions, radioprotection calculations and facility design of forthcoming projects, which requires the code to be consistently reliable over the entire energy range (from MeV to TeV) for all projectiles.
1,511 citations
Marcos Daniel Actis1, G. Agnetta2, Felix Aharonian3, A. G. Akhperjanian +682 more•Institutions (109)
TL;DR: The ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes as mentioned in this paper, which is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100GeV and above 100 TeV.
Abstract: Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.
1,006 citations
Cites background from "The FLUKA code: Description and ben..."
...15, the low energy (<80 GeV) models FLUKA [85] and UrQMD [86] do not exhibit significant differences,...
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TL;DR: ROOT is an object-oriented C++ framework conceived in the high-energy physics (HEP) community, designed for storing and analyzing petabytes of data in an efcient way.
629 citations
TL;DR: The OPERA neutrino experiment at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory has measured the velocity of neutrinos from the CERN CNGS beam over a baseline of about 730 km as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The OPERA neutrino experiment at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory has measured the velocity of neutrinos from the CERN CNGS beam over a baseline of about 730 km with much higher accuracy than previous studies conducted with accelerator neutrinos. The measurement is based on high-statistics data taken by OPERA in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Dedicated upgrades of the CNGS timing system and of the OPERA detector, as well as a high precision geodesy campaign for the measurement of the neutrino baseline, allowed reaching comparable systematic and statistical accuracies. An early arrival time of CNGS muon neutrinos with respect to the one computed assuming the speed of light in vacuum of (60.7 \pm 6.9 (stat.) \pm 7.4 (sys.)) ns was measured. This anomaly corresponds to a relative difference of the muon neutrino velocity with respect to the speed of light (v-c)/c = (2.48 \pm 0.28 (stat.) \pm 0.30 (sys.)) \times 10-5.
615 citations
References
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19 Sep 1997
Abstract: The Evaluated Photon Data Library, 1997 version (EPLD97), is designed for use in photon transport calculations at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory This library includes photon interaction data for all elements with atomic number between Z = 1 (hydrogne) and 100 (fermium), including: photoionization, photoexcitation, coherent and incoherent scattering, and pair and triplet porduction cross sections For use in applications data is provided for all elements over the energy range 1 eV to 100 GeV This report documents the sources and treatment of the data included inthis library EPDL97 completely supersedes the earlier 1989 version of EPDL and it is highly recommended that useres only use the most recent version of this library
515 citations
CERN1
TL;DR: In this paper, the FLUKA code has been used to reproduce experimental data concerning muon fluxes in atmosphere in a wide energy range with the aim of testing the performance of this Monte Carlo model in predicting secondary cosmic ray spectra in atmosphere.
Abstract: The FLUKA code has been used to reproduce experimental data concerning muon fluxes in atmosphere in a wide energy range with the aim of testing the performance of this Monte Carlo model in predicting secondary cosmic ray spectra in atmosphere. Here new results are presented, concerning in particular the cases of BESS and L3+C experiments.
15 citations