The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies.
Joseph W. Spatafora,M. Catherine Aime,Igor V. Grigoriev,Francis Martin,Jason E. Stajich,Meredith Blackwell +5 more
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TLDR
This article reviews the major phyla, subphyla, and classes of the kingdom Fungi and provides brief summaries of ecologies, morphologies, and exemplar taxa and examples of how molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary genomics have advanced the understanding of fungal evolution within each of the phyla and some of the major classes.Abstract:
The kingdom Fungi is one of the more diverse clades of eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems, where they provide numerous ecological services ranging from decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling to beneficial and antagonistic associations with plants and animals. The evolutionary relationships of the kingdom have represented some of the more recalcitrant problems in systematics and phylogenetics. The advent of molecular phylogenetics, and more recently phylogenomics, has greatly advanced our understanding of the patterns and processes associated with fungal evolution, however. In this article, we review the major phyla, subphyla, and classes of the kingdom Fungi and provide brief summaries of ecologies, morphologies, and exemplar taxa. We also provide examples of how molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary genomics have advanced our understanding of fungal evolution within each of the phyla and some of the major classes. In the current classification we recognize 8 phyla, 12 subphyla, and 46 classes within the kingdom. The ancestor of fungi is inferred to be zoosporic, and zoosporic fungi comprise three lineages that are paraphyletic to the remainder of fungi. Fungi historically classified as zygomycetes do not form a monophyletic group and are paraphyletic to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are each monophyletic and collectively form the subkingdom Dikarya.read more
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High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses
Leho Tedersoo,Leho Tedersoo,Leho Tedersoo,Santiago Sánchez-Ramírez,Urmas Kõljalg,Urmas Kõljalg,Mohammad Bahram,Mohammad Bahram,Markus Döring,Dmitry Schigel,Dmitry Schigel,Tom W. May,Martin Ryberg,Kessy Abarenkov +13 more
TL;DR: An updated phylum- and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative and an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Growing a circular economy with fungal biotechnology: a white paper
Vera Meyer,Evelina Y. Basenko,J. Philipp Benz,Gerhard H. Braus,Mark X. Caddick,Michael Csukai,Ronald P. de Vries,Drew Endy,Jens Christian Frisvad,Nina Gunde-Cimerman,Thomas Haarmann,Yitzhak Hadar,Kim Hansen,Robert I Johnson,Nancy P. Keller,Nada Kraševec,Uffe Hasbro Mortensen,Rolando Perez,Arthur F. J. Ram,Eric Record,Phil Ross,Volha Shapaval,Charlotte Steiniger,Hans J M van den Brink,Jolanda M. van Munster,Oded Yarden,Han A. B. Wösten +26 more
TL;DR: Fungi have the ability to transform organic materials into a rich and diverse set of useful products and provide distinct opportunities for tackling the urgent challenges before all humans, and have the potential to make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation and meeting the United Nation's sustainable development goals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi.
TL;DR: The current status of the phylogeny and taxonomy of fungi is reviewed, providing an overview of the main defined groups and the main phylogenetic and taxonomical controversies and hypotheses in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
The origin and evolution of mycorrhizal symbioses: from palaeomycology to phylogenomics
Christine Strullu-Derrien,Christine Strullu-Derrien,Marc-André Selosse,Marc-André Selosse,Paul Kenrick,Francis Martin +5 more
TL;DR: A review of the main phases of the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions from palaeontological, phylogenetic and genomic perspectives, with the aim of highlighting the potential of fossil material and a geological perspective in a cross-disciplinary approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions.
TL;DR: A new scenario is proposed for fungal terrestralization, which considers icy environments as a transitory niche between water and emerged land and the importance of genome‐enabled inferences to envision plausible narratives and scenarios for important transitions is highlighted.
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