The future of the UK gas network

doi:10.1016/J.ENPOL.2013.05.030

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The future of the UK gas network

Journal Article•DOI•

The future of the UK gas network

Paul E. Dodds¹, Will McDowall¹•Institutions (1)

Energy Institute¹

01 Sep 2013-Energy Policy (Elsevier)-Vol. 60, pp 305-316

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined potential future uses of the gas network in the UK energy system using an improved version of UK MARKAL that introduces a number of decarbonisation options for the gas networks including bio-methane, hydrogen injection to the natural gas and conversion of the network to deliver hydrogen.

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About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2013-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 103 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Natural gas.

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Journal Article•DOI•

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

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Iain Staffell¹, Daniel Scamman², Anthony Velazquez Abad², Paul Balcombe¹, Paul E. Dodds², Paul Ekins², Nilay Shah¹, Kate R. Ward¹ - Show less +4 more•Institutions (2)

Imperial College London¹, University College London²

13 Feb 2019-Energy and Environmental Science

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential is presented in this article.

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Abstract: Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming. Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225 000 fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. This review shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements are still required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-term future no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policy support for these technologies around the world.

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1,938 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Energy systems modeling for twenty-first century energy challenges

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Stefan Pfenninger¹, Adam Hawkes¹, James Keirstead¹•Institutions (1)

Imperial College London¹

01 May 2014-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at models relevant to national and international energy policy, grouping them into four categories: energy systems optimization models, energy systems simulation models, power systems and electricity market models, and qualitative and mixed-methods scenarios.

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Abstract: Energy systems models are important methods used to generate a range of insight and analysis on the supply and demand of energy. Developed over the second half of the twentieth century, they are now seeing increased relevance in the face of stringent climate policy, energy security and economic development concerns, and increasing challenges due to the changing nature of the twenty-first century energy system. In this paper, we look particularly at models relevant to national and international energy policy, grouping them into four categories: energy systems optimization models, energy systems simulation models, power systems and electricity market models, and qualitative and mixed-methods scenarios. We examine four challenges they face and the efforts being taken to address them: (1) resolving time and space, (2) balancing uncertainty and transparency, (3) addressing the growing complexity of the energy system, and (4) integrating human behavior and social risks and opportunities. In discussing these challenges, we present possible avenues for future research and make recommendations to ensure the continued relevance for energy systems models as important sources of information for policy-making.

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781 citations

Cites background from "The future of the UK gas network"

...Similarly, Dodds and McDowall (Dodds and McDowall, 2013) expanded UK MARKAL with decarbonization options for the gas sector to improve understanding of the future of the country’s gas network....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies for heating: A review

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Paul E. Dodds¹, Iain Staffell², Adam Hawkes², Francis G.N. Li¹, Philipp Grünewald², Will McDowall¹, Paul Ekins¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

University College London¹, Imperial College London²

09 Feb 2015-International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines the potential benefits of these technologies across different markets, particularly the current state of development and performance of fuel cell micro-CHP, and the potential contribution of hydrogen and fuel cells to low-carbon energy systems.

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539 citations

Cites background from "The future of the UK gas network"

...Converting existing gas networks to deliver hydrogen The potential role of hydrogen in the existing gas networks has attracted interest from government [3,4], academia [13,97], and industry [98]....
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...Those studies concluded that using fuel cells powered by hydrogen from a converted gas network could be the lowest-cost option for decarbonising heat, reducing the number of houses using heat pumps while supporting heat pump operation through high micro-CHP generation output at peak demand times [13,97]....
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...America; for example, in the UK and the Netherlands more than 80% of houses use in-house gas boilers(4) [13]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Integrated Modeling and Assessment of the Operational Impact of Power-to-Gas (P2G) on Electrical and Gas Transmission Networks

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Stephen Clegg¹, Pierluigi Mancarella¹•Institutions (1)

University of Manchester¹

15 May 2015-IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce an original methodology to analyze different power-to-gas (P2G) processes and assess their operational impacts on both electricity and gas transmission networks, using a novel integrated model specifically developed for the simulation of operational interdependences between the two networks considering P2G.

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Abstract: Power-to-gas (P2G) is the process whereby electricity is used to produce hydrogen or synthetic natural gas The electricity for the P2G process could, for instance, come from renewable energy which would otherwise be curtailed due to system or line constraints The existing natural gas network could then potentially be used as a means to store, transport, and reutilize this energy, thus preventing its waste While there are several ongoing discussions on P2G in different countries, these are generally not backed by quantitative studies on its potential network implications and benefits To bridge this gap, this paper introduces an original methodology to analyze different P2G processes and assess their operational impacts on both electricity and gas transmission networks This is carried out by using a novel integrated model specifically developed for the simulation of operational interdependences between the two networks considering P2G To demonstrate the several innovative features of the proposed model, technical, environmental, and economic operational aspects of P2G and its potential benefits are analyzed on the case of the Great Britains system, also providing insights into relief of gas and electrical transmission network constraints

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423 citations

Cites background from "The future of the UK gas network"

...This is also very attractive to maintain high-gas asset utilization even in future scenarios with reduced gas-based energy supply [4]....
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...From a system perspective, previous studies that have discussed the use of P2G as a mechanism to reduce the levels of curtailment in renewable energy sources [4] do not model the levels of gas production with the consideration of power system requirements through the use of an optimal power flow (OPF)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of energy systems models in the UK: Prevalent usage and categorisation

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Lisa M. H. Hall, Alastair Buckley

01 May 2016-Applied Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of academic literature and policy papers since 2008 is undertaken with an aim of identifying the prevalent energy systems models and tools in the UK, and the literature is analysed with regards sectoral coverage and technological inclusion, as well as mathematical structure of models.

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219 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Understanding carbon lock-in

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Gregory C. Unruh¹•Institutions (1)

IE University¹

01 Oct 2000-Energy Policy

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that industrial economies have been locked into fossil fuel-based energy systems through a process of technological and institutional co-evolution driven by path-dependent increasing returns to scale.

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2,424 citations

"The future of the UK gas network" refers background in this paper

...Such investments can cause infrastructure lock-in, where existing high-carbon infrastructure prevents alternative low-carbon technologies from entering the marketplace (Unruh, 2000)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The use of the natural-gas pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport in a changing market structure

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Dries Haeseldonckx¹, William D'haeseleer¹•Institutions (1)

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven¹

01 Jul 2007-International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, the transport and distribution aspects of hydrogen during the transition period towards a possible full-blown hydrogen economy are carefully looked at, and some policy guidelines are offered, both in a regulated and a liberalised energy market.

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220 citations

UK MARKAL Model Documentation

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Ramachandran Kannan, Neil Strachan, Gabrial Anandarajah, B Ozkan

01 Jan 2007

78 citations

"The future of the UK gas network" refers background or methods in this paper

...…about the availability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies (which are used to sequester the CO2 from the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels) in the future; CCS technologies in UK MARKAL are assumed to sequester 85% of the CO2 and are fully described in Kannan et al. (2007)....
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...The UK MARKAL model (Anandarajah and Strachan, 2010; Kannan et al., 2007) has been developed over the last decade and portrays the entire UK energy system from imports and domestic production of fuel resources, through fuel processing and supply, explicit representation of infrastructures,…...
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The UK Energy System in 2050: Comparing Low-Carbon, Resilient Scenarios

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Paul Ekins, Ilkka Keppo, Jim Skea, Neil Strachan, Will Usher, Gabrial Anandarajah - Show less +2 more

01 Feb 2013

77 citations

"The future of the UK gas network" refers methods in this paper

...…a belief that such longterm predictions are possible, but rather aim to examine the long-run implications of energy system choices. following Ekins et al. (2013), we use an 80% target to be consistent with UK policy and we do not include international aviation and shipping energy demands…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Critical mid-term uncertainties in long-term decarbonisation pathways

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Will Usher¹, Neil Strachan¹•Institutions (1)

University College London¹

01 Feb 2012-Energy Policy

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of two critical mid-term uncertainties on optimal near-term investment decisions using a two-stage stochastic energy system model and reveal the complex relationship between the flexibility of the energy system and mitigating the costs of uncertainty due to the path-dependencies caused by the long-life times of both infrastructures and generation technologies.

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76 citations