The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian Order and Disorder: Implications for Physiology and Disease
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Cites background from "The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian..."
...All rights reserved 0147-006X/12/0721-0445$20.00 The circadian system of mammals is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators that function at the cellular, tissue, and systems levels....
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...In mammals, the mechanism of the circadian clock is cell autonomous and arises from an autoregulatory negative-feedback transcriptional network (Lowrey & Takahashi 2004, Takahashi et al. 2008) (Figure 1)....
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...Living systems possess an exquisitely accurate internal biological clock that times daily events ranging from sleep and wakefulness in humans to photosynthesis in plants (Takahashi et al. 2008)....
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...Other feedback loops involve the PAR-bZip family members, DBP, HLF, and TEF; the bZip protein, E4BP4 (Nfil3); and the bHLH proteins, DEC1 and DEC2 (Bhlhb2, Bhlhb3), all of which are transcriptional targets of CLOCK-BMAL1 (Gachon 2007, Lowrey & Takahashi 2004, Takahashi et al. 2008)....
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Cites background from "The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian..."
...In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of clock genes and circadian regulation for health; circadian clock genes have been directly implicated not only in sleep disorders but also in diabetes, cancer, and bipolar disorder (4)....
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...The circadian clock that operates in mammalian cells is based on delayed negative feedback (18) in a core transcriptional feedback loop (4, 19)....
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References
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"The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian..." refers background in this paper
...1 ), and these output pathways are responsible for proper timing of hormone release, feeding behaviour and body-temperature fluctuation...
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2,241 citations
"The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian..." refers background in this paper
...mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and not only lose rhythms of core clock genes, but also have lower levels of hypocretin (orexin) and ghrelin neuropeptide gene expression in the arcuate nucleus...
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2,227 citations
"The Genetics of Mammalian Circadian..." refers background in this paper
...Peripheral clocks and tissue-specific control Following the initial discovery of circadian clock genes in mammals, it became clear that the expression of these genes was ubiquitous and that the majority of tissues throughout the body expressed circadian oscillations in gene expressio...
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