The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles on Early Growth of Buckwheat, Fagopyrum Esculentum
TL;DR: In this article, the genotoxic effects of ZnO and CuO NPs on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seedlings were estimated.
Abstract: Many airborne and soil-borne nanoparticles (NPs) can enter plants, which are the primary producers in the food chain; recently, studies on the genotoxic effects of NPs on plants are emerging. In the present study, the phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ZnO and CuO NPs on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seedlings were estimated. The inhibition of root growth and biomass at the tested concentrations of NP suspensions and dissolved free ion suspensions were compared. Changes in root morphological features and localization of NPs inside the root epidermis cells were observed. Growth of root treated with ZnO NPs (84.9 and 89.6 %) and CuO NPs (75.4 and 80.1 %) at 2,000 and 4,000 mg L−1, respectively, was decreased significantly than control. The root morphological features and NP incorporation into the root epidermal cells at a high dose of NP showed completely different patterns compared to those for the controls. Through random amplified polymorphic DNA assays for comparison of the effect of ZnO and CuO NPs on DNA stability, it was shown as different DNA polymorphisms at 2,000 and 4,000 mg L−1 of ZnO and CuO NPs, compared to those for controls. Our results provide the first clue to the genotoxic effects of ZnO and CuO NPs on early growth of edible plants such as buckwheat.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: Precision farming is measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops to form a decision support system for crop commodities.
665 citations
TL;DR: Most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels, and the effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration.
379 citations
Cites background from "The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..."
...The interaction of plant cells with metal and metal oxide NPs caused genotoxicity in plants by the modification of plant gene expression [28, 31, 129-130]....
[...]
TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that MONPs may be taken up and accumulated in plant tissues causing adverse or beneficial effects on seed germination, seedling elongation, photosynthesis, antioxidative stress response, agronomic, and yield characteristics.
231 citations
Cites background from "The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..."
...…nm 50, 500, 2000, and 4000 mg/L petri dishes with filter paper root 7 days At 2000, and 4000 mg/L, nCuO/ nZnO inhibited root length; at 4000 mg/L, Lee et al. 2013a M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED nCuO/ nZnO decreased shoot biomass. nZnO nTiO2 Lepidium sativum <50 nm and <100 nm <21 nm 10, 100, 1000,…...
[...]
...In addition, nZnO increased GSH levels and CAT activity in 190 buckwheat leaves (Lee et al. 2013b, 1-2000 mg/L) but showed no effect on APX activity 191 (100−800 mg/kg) and reduced CAT activity (at 400 mg/kg) in corn leaves grown in soil 192 amended with alginate (Zhao et al. 2013b)....
[...]
...Lee et al. 2013b nZnO Corn 10 nm 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg soil root 30 days No effect on APX but significantly reduced CAT activity in leaves at 400 mg/kg with the presence of alginate....
[...]
...Lee et al. 2013b nZnO Corn 10 nm 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L soil root 30 days No effect on biomass in root and shoot....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the fate and behaviour of Zinc-oxide nanoparticles in soil, their uptake and distribution within plants, animals, and microbes as well as their interactions with other pollutants are discussed.
Abstract: Zinc-oxide nanoparticles are being used in a wide range of commercial applications and are therefore expected to find their way into the soil ecosystem. Problems concerning Zinc-oxide nanoparticle toxicity, in-vitro and in-vivo testing methods for living organisms, the development of environmental health criteria and the acceptance of toxicity limits of metal nanoparticles, are topical. This review will contribute to understanding the fate and behaviour of Zinc-oxide nanoparticles in soil, their uptake and distribution within plants, animals, and microbes as well as their interactions with other pollutants. It is an essential prerequisite to environmentally realistic studies of the ecotoxicology of nanoparticles. Increased application of nanoparticles threatens communities as well as plants, terrestrial and aquatic animals. Thus, it is important to explore whether nanoparticles could compromise soil biodiversity and the important functions maintained by soil communities.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of laboratory-prepared nanoparticles in low concentrations (<50ppm) on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds in a water medium were evaluated.
Abstract: Information on the phytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) at low concentrations (e.g., ppb to low ppm) is scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of laboratory-prepared Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe oxide NPs in low concentrations (<50 ppm) on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds in a water medium. The data showed that CuO NPs were slightly more toxic than Cu ions while the toxicity of ZnO NPs was similar to that of Zn ions, and MnOx NPs and FeOx NPs were not only less toxic than their ionic counterparts but also significantly stimulated the growth of lettuce seedlings by 12–54 %. This study showed that manufactured NPs were not always more toxic than other chemical species containing the same elements. Instead, Mn or Fe NPs can significantly enhance plant growth and have the potential to be effective nanofertilizers for increasing agronomic productivity.
208 citations
Cites background from "The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..."
...Root growth of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seedlings was inhibited by CuO and ZnO NPs at concentrations from 2000 to 4000 ppm (Lee et al. 2013)....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: It is shown that the number of individuals to be used for estimating average heterozygosity can be very small if a large number of loci are studied and the average heter homozygosity is low.
Abstract: The magnitudes of the systematic biases involved in sample heterozygosity and sample genetic distances are evaluated, and formulae for obtaining unbiased estimates of average heterozygosity and genetic distance are developed. It is also shown that the number of individuals to be used for estimating average heterozygosity can be very small if a large number of loci are studied and the average heterozygosity is low. The number of individuals to be used for estimating genetic distance can also be very small if the genetic distance is large and the average heterozygosity of the two species compared is low.
11,137 citations
"The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..." refers methods in this paper
...Genetic similarity coefficients among roots of the control and treated groups were evaluated using Nei’s unbiased measure (Nei 1978) in POPGENE version 1....
[...]
...Genetic similarity coefficients among roots of the control and treated groups were evaluated using Nei’s unbiased measure (Nei 1978) in POPGENE version 1.32....
[...]
TL;DR: The establishment of principles and test procedures to ensure safe manufacture and use of nanomaterials in the marketplace is urgently required and achievable.
Abstract: Nanomaterials are engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. These materials are increasingly being used for commercial purposes such as fillers, opacifiers, catalysts, semiconductors, cosmetics, microelectronics, and drug carriers. Materials in this size range may approach the length scale at which some specific physical or chemical interactions with their environment can occur. As a result, their properties differ substantially from those bulk materials of the same composition, allowing them to perform exceptional feats of conductivity, reactivity, and optical sensitivity. Possible undesirable results of these capabilities are harmful interactions with biological systems and the environment, with the potential to generate toxicity. The establishment of principles and test procedures to ensure safe manufacture and use of nanomaterials in the marketplace is urgently required and achievable.
8,323 citations
"The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..." refers background in this paper
...Hence, the genotoxicity of ZnO and CuO NPs on the early growth of the crop plant buckwheat is worth investigating because the physiological, morphological, and genotoxic effect of NPs on plant are notable in open agricultural ecosystems (Nel et al. 2006)....
[...]
...Hence, the genotoxicity of ZnO and CuO NPs on the early growth of the crop plant buckwheat is worth investigating because the physiological, morphological, and genotoxic effect of NPs on plant are notable in open agricultural ecosystems (Nel et al. 2006)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of various nanostructures of ZnO grown by the solid-vapour phase technique and their corresponding growth mechanisms is presented. And the application of nanobelts as nanosensors, nanocantilevers, field effect transistors and nanoresonators is demonstrated.
Abstract: Zinc oxide is a unique material that exhibits semiconducting and piezoelectric dual properties. Using a solid–vapour phase thermal sublimation technique, nanocombs, nanorings, nanohelixes/nanosprings, nanobelts, nanowires and nanocages of ZnO have been synthesized under specific growth conditions. These unique nanostructures unambiguously demonstrate that ZnO probably has the richest family of nanostructures among all materials, both in structures and in properties. The nanostructures could have novel applications in optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and biomedical sciences. This article reviews the various nanostructures of ZnO grown by the solid–vapour phase technique and their corresponding growth mechanisms. The application of ZnO nanobelts as nanosensors, nanocantilevers, field effect transistors and nanoresonators is demonstrated.
3,361 citations
"The Genotoxic Effect of ZnO and CuO..." refers background in this paper
...Among metal oxides, ZnO NPs are widely used in personal care products such as sunscreens, toothpastes, shampoo, and soap; chemotherapeutic drugs; and coating catalysts for environmental remediation (Choopun et al. 2009; Kamat and Meisel 2003; Wang 2004)....
[...]
TL;DR: With the increased presence of nanomaterials in commercial products, a growing public debate is emerging on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its many benefits.
Abstract: With the increased presence of nanomaterials in commercial products, a growing public debate is emerging on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its many benefits. To date, few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental effects of direct and indirect exposure to nanomaterials and no clear guidelines exist to quantify these effects.
2,118 citations
TL;DR: The surface properties of ENPs are of essential importance for their aggregation behavior, and thus for their mobility in aquatic and terrestrial systems and for their interactions with algae, plants and, fungi as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Developments in nanotechnology are leading to a rapid proliferation of new materials that are likely to become a source of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to the environment, where their possible ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. The surface properties of ENPs are of essential importance for their aggregation behavior, and thus for their mobility in aquatic and terrestrial systems and for their interactions with algae, plants and, fungi. Interactions of ENPs with natural organic matter have to be considered as well, as those will alter the ENPs aggregation behavior in surface waters or in soils. Cells of plants, algae, and fungi possess cell walls that constitute a primary site for interaction and a barrier for the entrance of ENPs. Mechanisms allowing ENPs to pass through cell walls and membranes are as yet poorly understood. Inside cells, ENPs might directly provoke alterations of membranes and other cell structures and molecules, as well as protective mechanisms. Indirect effects of ENPs depend on their chemical and physical properties and may include physical restraints (clogging effects), solubilization of toxic ENP compounds, or production of reactive oxygen species. Many questions regarding the bioavailability of ENPs, their uptake by algae, plants, and fungi and the toxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
1,548 citations