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The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases
David E. Bloom,Elizabeth T. Cafiero,Eva Jané-Llopis,Shafika Abrahams-Gessel,Lakshmi Reddy Bloom,Sana F. Fathima,Andrea B. Feigl,Tom Gaziano,Ali Hamandi,Mona Mowafi,Danny O’Farrell,Emre Özaltin,Ankur Pandya,Klaus Prettner,Larry Rosenberg,Benjamin Seligman,Adam Z. Stein,Cara Weinstein,Jonathan Weiss +18 more
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New estimates of the global economic burden of non-communicable diseases in 2010 are developed, and the size of the burden through 2030 is projected, to capture the thinking of the business community about the impact of NCDs on their enterprises.Abstract:
As policy-makers search for ways to reduce poverty and income inequality, and to achieve sustainable income growth, they are being encouraged to focus on an emerging challenge to health, well-being and development: non-communicable diseases (NCDs). After all, 63% of all deaths worldwide currently stem from NCDs – chiefly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. These deaths are distributed widely among the world’s population – from highincome to low-income countries and from young to old (about one-quarter of all NCD deaths occur below the age of 60, amounting to approximately 9 million deaths per year). NCDs have a large impact, undercutting productivity and boosting healthcare outlays. Moreover, the number of people affected by NCDs is expected to rise substantially in the coming decades, reflecting an ageing and increasing global population. With this in mind, the United Nations is holding its first High-Level Meeting on NCDs on 19-20 September 2011 – this is only the second time that a high-level UN meeting is being dedicated to a health topic (the first time being on HIV/ AIDS in 2001). Over the years, much work has been done estimating the human toll of NCDs, but work on estimating the economic toll is far less advanced. In this report, the World Economic Forum and the Harvard School of Public Health try to inform and stimulate further debate by developing new estimates of the global economic burden of NCDs in 2010, and projecting the size of the burden through 2030. Three distinct approaches are used to compute the economic burden: (1) the standard cost of illness method; (2) macroeconomic simulation and (3) the value of a statistical life. This report includes not only the four major NCDs (the focus of the UN meeting), but also mental illness, which is a major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. This evaluation takes place in the context of enormous global health spending, serious concerns about already strained public finances and worries about lacklustre economic growth. The report also tries to capture the thinking of the business community about the impact of NCDs on their enterprises. Five key messages emerge: • First, NCDs already pose a substantial economic burden and this burden will evolve into a staggering one over the next two decades. For example, with respect to cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, diabetes and mental health, the macroeconomic simulations suggest a cumulative output loss of US$ 47 trillion over the next two decades. This loss represents 75% of global GDP in 2010 (US$ 63 trillion). It also represents enough money to eradicate two dollar-a-day poverty among the 2.5 billion people in that state for more than half a century. • Second, although high-income countries currently bear the biggest economic burden of NCDs, the developing world, especially middle-income countries, is expected to assume an ever larger share as their economies and populations grow. • Third, cardiovascular disease and mental health conditions are the dominant contributors to the global economic burden of NCDs. • Fourth, NCDs are front and centre on business leaders’ radar. The World Economic Forum’s annual Executive Opinion Survey (EOS), which feeds into its Global Competitiveness Report, shows that about half of all business leaders surveyed worry that at least one NCD will hurt their company’s bottom line in the next five years, with similarly high levels of concern in low-, middle- and high-income countries – especially in countries where the quality of healthcare or access to healthcare is perceived to be poor. These NCD-driven concerns are markedly higher than those reported for the communicable diseases of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. • Fifth, the good news is that there appear to be numerous options available to prevent and control NCDs. For example, the WHO has identified a set of interventions they call “Best Buys”. There is also considerable scope for the design and implementation of programmes aimed at behaviour change among youth and adolescents, and more costeffective models of care – models that reduce the care-taking burden that falls on untrained family members. Further research on the benefits of such interventions in relation to their costs is much needed. It is our hope that this report informs the resource allocation decisions of the world’s economic leaders – top government officials, including finance ministers and their economic advisors – who control large amounts of spending at the national level and have the power to react to the formidable economic threat posed by NCDs.read more
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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Dariush Mozaffarian,Emelia J. Benjamin,Alan S. Go,Donna K. Arnett,Michael J. Blaha,Mary Cushman,Sandeep R Das,Sarah D. de Ferranti,Jean-Pierre Després,Heather J. Fullerton,Virginia J. Howard,Mark D. Huffman,Carmen R. Isasi,Monik C. Jiménez,Suzanne E. Judd,Brett M. Kissela,Judith H. Lichtman,Lynda D. Lisabeth,Simin Liu,Rachel H. Mackey,David J. Magid,Darren K. McGuire,Emile R. Mohler,Claudia S. Moy,Paul Muntner,Michael E. Mussolino,Khurram Nasir,Robert W. Neumar,Graham Nichol,Latha Palaniappan,Dilip K. Pandey,Mathew J. Reeves,Carlos J. Rodriguez,Wayne D. Rosamond,Paul D. Sorlie,Joel M. Stein,Amytis Towfighi,Tanya N. Turan,Salim S. Virani,Daniel Woo,Robert W. Yeh,Melanie B. Turner +41 more
TL;DR: Author(s): Writing Group Members; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Benjamin, Emelia J; Go, Alan S; Arnett, Donna K; Blaha, Michael J; Cushman, Mary; Das, Sandeep R; de Ferranti, Sarah; Despres, Jean-Pierre; Fullerton, Heather J; Howard, Virginia J; Huffman, Mark D; Isasi, Carmen R; Jimenez, Monik C; Judd, Suzanne
Journal ArticleDOI
Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.
Harvey Whiteford,Harvey Whiteford,Louisa Degenhardt,Louisa Degenhardt,Juergen Rehm,Juergen Rehm,Amanda J Baxter,Amanda J Baxter,Alize J. Ferrari,Alize J. Ferrari,Holly E. Erskine,Holly E. Erskine,Fiona J Charlson,Fiona J Charlson,Rosana E. Norman,Rosana E. Norman,Abraham D. Flaxman,Nicole E. Johns,Roy Burstein,Christopher J L Murray,Theo Vos +20 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) as discussed by the authors was used to estimate the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Simon I. Hay,Amanuel Alemu Abajobir,Kalkidan Hassen Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Abdishakur M. Abdulle,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Teshome Abuka Abebo,Semaw Ferede Abera,Semaw Ferede Abera,Victor Aboyans,Laith J. Abu-Raddad,Ilana N. Ackerman,Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji,Olatunji O. Adetokunboh,Ashkan Afshin,Rakesh Aggarwal,Sutapa Agrawal,Anurag Agrawal,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour,Amani Nidhal Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Sneha Aiyar,Tomi Akinyemiju,Nadia Akseer,Faris Lami,Fares Alahdab,Ziyad Al-Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Tahiya Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Kefyalew Addis Alene,Raghib Ali,Reza Alizadeh-Navaei,Reza Alizadeh-Navaei,Juma Alkaabi,Ala'a Alkerwi,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Christine Allen,Fatma Al-Maskari,Mohammad A. AlMazroa,Rajaa Al-Raddadi,Ubai Alsharif,Shirina Alsowaidi,Benjamin M Althouse,Khalid A Altirkawi,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Azmeraw T. Amare,Erfan Amini,Walid Ammar,Yaw Ampem Amoako,Mustafa Geleto Ansha,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Megha Arora,Al Artaman,Krishna Kumar Aryal,Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom,Tesfay Mehari Atey,Niguse Tadele Atnafu,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho,Ashish Awasthi,Shally Awasthi,Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh,Peter Azzopardi,Tesleem Kayode Babalola,Umar Bacha,Alaa Badawi,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Marlena S Bannick,Aleksandra Barac,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Simón Barquera,Lope H Barrero,Sanjay Basu,Robert J. Battista,Katherine E. Battle,Bernhard T. Baune,Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Yannick Béjot,Bayu Begashaw Bekele,Michelle L. Bell,Derrick A Bennett,James R Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Jennifer Benson,Adugnaw Berhane,Derbew Fikadu Berhe,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Demtsu Betsu,Mircea Beuran,Addisu Shunu Beyene,Anil Bhansali,Samir Bhatt,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,Kelly Bienhoff,Boris Bikbov,Charles Birungi,Stan Biryukov,Donal Bisanzio,Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu,Fiona M. Blyth,Dube Jara Boneya,Dipan Bose,Ibrahim R Bou-Orm,Rupert R A Bourne,Michael Brainin,Carol Brayne,Alexandra Brazinova,Nicholas J K Breitborde,Paul S Briant,Gabrielle B. Britton,Traolach S. Brugha,Rachelle Buchbinder,Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto,Blair R. Bumgarner,Zahid A Butt,Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado,Ewan Cameron,Ismael R. Campos-Nonato,Hélène Carabin,Rosario Cárdenas,David O. 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Gillum,Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi,Melkamu Dedefo Gishu,Giorgia Giussani,William W Godwin,Kashish Goel,Shifalika Goenka,Ellen M Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Richard A. Gosselin,Carolyn C. Gotay,Atsushi Goto,Alessandra C. Goulart,Nicholas Graetz,Harish Chander Gugnani,Prakash C. Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Rashmi Gupta,Reyna A Gutiérrez,Vladimir Hachinski,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Alemayehu Hailu,Gessessew Bugssa Hailu,Randah R. Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Mouhanad Hammami,Alexis J Handal,Graeme J. Hankey,Yuantao Hao,Hilda L Harb,Habtamu Abera Hareri,Josep Maria Haro,Kimani M Harun,James D. Harvey,Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Roderick J. Hay,Mohammad Taghi Hedayati,Delia Hendrie,Nathaniel J Henry,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans W. Hoek,Howard J. Hoffman,Masako Horino,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Dean Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Peter J. Hotez,Damian G Hoy,Aung Soe Htet,Guoqing Hu,John J Huang,Chantal Huynh,Kim Moesgaard Iburg,Ehimario U. Igumbor,Chad Ikeda,Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljevic,Peter James,Simerjot K. Jassal,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Paul N. Jensen,Vivekanand Jha,Guohong Jiang,Denny John,Catherine O. Johnson,Sarah Charlotte Johnson,Jost B. Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,Chittaranjan Kar,Nadim E. Karam,André Karch,Corine Karema,Seyed M Karimi,Chante Karimkhani,Amir Kasaeian,Getachew Mullu Kassa,Nigussie Assefa Kassaw,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Anshul Kastor,Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Laura Kemmer,Andre Pascal Kengne,Andre Keren,Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Ibrahim A Khalil,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Abdullah T Khoja,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Yun Jin Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Daniel Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kisa,Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek,Niranjan Kissoon,Mika Kivimäki,Ann Kristin Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Jacek A Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Georgios A. Kotsakis,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Kristopher J Krohn,G Anil Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Hmwe H Kyu,Hmwe H Kyu,Anton Carl Jonas Lager,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka,Nkurunziza Lambert,Qing Lan,Van C. Lansingh,Anders Larsson,Janet L Leasher,Paul H. Lee,James Leigh,Cheru Tesema Leshargie,Janni Leung,Ricky Leung,Miriam Levi,Yichong Li,Yongmei Li,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Legesse Liben,Stephen S Lim,Shai Linn,Patrick Liu,Angela Liu,Shiwei Liu,Yang Liu,Rakesh Lodha,Giancarlo Logroscino,Katharine J Looker,Alan D. Lopez,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo A. Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Tim C.D. Lucas,Raimundas Lunevicius,Ronan A Lyons,Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan,Emilie R Maddison,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Carlos Magis-Rodriguez,Mahdi Mahdavi,Marek Majdan,Reza Majdzadeh,Azeem Majeed,Reza Malekzadeh,Rajesh Malhotra,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Abdullah Al Mamun,Helena Manguerra,Treh Manhertz,Lorenzo G. Mantovani,Chabila C Mapoma,Lyn March,Laurie B. Marczak,Jose Martinez-Raga,Paulo Henrique Viegas Martins,Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo,Ira Martopullo,Winfried März,Manu Raj Mathur,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,Madeline McGaughey,John J. McGrath,Martin McKee,Suresh Mehata,Toni Meier,Kidanu Gebremariam Meles,Peter Memiah,Ziad A. Memish,Walter Mendoza,Melkamu Merid Mengesha,Mubarek Abera Mengistie,Desalegn Tadese Mengistu,George A. Mensah,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Berhane Mezgebe,Renata Micha,Anoushka Millear,Ted R. Miller,Shawn Minnig,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Raj Mishra,Philip B. Mitchell,Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad,Alireza Mohammadi,Muktar Sano Kedir Mohammed,Kedir Endris Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Murali Mohan,Ali H. Mokdad,Sarah K Mollenkopf,Lorenzo Monasta,Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Shane D. Morrison,Mark Moses,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Kalayu Birhane Mruts,Ulrich O Mueller,Kate Muller,Michele E. Murdoch,Gudlavalleti V S Murthy,Srinivas Murthy,Kamarul Imran Musa,Jean B. Nachega,Gabriele Nagel,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Kovin Naidoo,Vinay Nangia,Jamal Nasher,Gopalakrishnan Natarajan,Dumessa Edessa Negasa,Ruxandra Irina Negoi,Ionut Negoi,Charles R. Newton,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Cuong Tat Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Minh Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum,Vuong Minh Nong,Ole Frithjof Norheim,Bo Norrving,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Alypio Nyandwi,Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer,Martin O'Donnell,Felix Akpojene Ogbo,In-Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Andrew T Olagunju,Tinuke O Olagunju,Helen E Olsen,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,Kanyin Ong,John Nelson Opio,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortiz,Richard H. Osborne,Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman,Majdi Osman,Erika Ota,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Mahesh Pa,Rosana E. Pacella,Basant Kumar Panda,Jeyaraj D Pandian,Christina Papachristou,Eun-Kee Park,Charles D. H. Parry,Mahboubeh Parsaeian,Snehal Patil,Scott B. Patten,George C Patton,Deepak Paudel,Katherine R. Paulson,Neil Pearce,David M. Pereira,Krystle Marie Perez,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Carrie Beth Peterson,William A. Petri,Max Petzold,Michael R. Phillips,Geoffrey Phipps,David M. Pigott,Julian David Pillay,Christine Pinho,Michael A. Piradov,Dietrich Plass,Martin A Pletcher,Svetlana Popova,Richie G Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Narayan Prasad,Carrie Purcell,Manorama Purwar,Mostafa Qorbani,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Rynaz H S Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Kazem Rahimi,Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar,Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman,Muhammad Aziz Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar Rai,Sasa Rajsic,Usha Ram,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Thara Rangaswamy,Zane Rankin,P. V. Rao,Puja C Rao,Salman Rawaf,Sarah E Ray,Robert C. Reiner,Nikolas Reinig,Marissa B Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Satar Rezaei,Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro,Jacqueline Castillo Rivas,Hirbo Shore Roba,Stephen R. Robinson,David Rojas-Rueda,Mohammad Bagher Rokni,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory A. Roth,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Ambuj Roy,Enrico Rubagotti,George Mugambage Ruhago,Soheil Saadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Ramesh Sahathevan,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,Joseph Salama,Muhammad Muhammad Saleh,Joshua A. Salomon,Sundeep Salvi,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño,Damian Santomauro,João Vasco Santos,Itamar S. Santos,Milena M Santric Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Sonia Saxena,Kathryn Schelonka,Maria Inês Schmidt,Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider,Ben Schöttker,Aletta E. Schutte,David C. Schwebel,Falk Schwendicke,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Amira Shaheen,Masood Ali Shaikh,Mansour Shamsipour,Rajesh Sharma,Jayendra Sharma,Jun She,Peilin Shi,Kenji Shibuya,Chloe Shields,Girma Temam Shifa,Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw,Mika Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Shreya Shirude,Kawkab Shishani,Haitham Shoman,Soraya Siabani,Abla M. Sibai,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Donald H. Silberberg,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,João Pedro Silva,Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira,Jasvinder A. Singh,Om Prakash Singh,Narinder Pal Singh,Virendra Singh,Dhirendra N Sinha,Eirini Skiadaresi,Erica Leigh Slepak,David L. Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Hasan Sobaih,Eugene Sobngwi,Michael Soljak,Reed J D Sorensen,Tatiane Cristina Moraes Sousa,Luciano A. Sposato,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nicholas Steel,Dan J. Stein,Caitlyn Steiner,S. Steinke,Mark A. Stokes,Lars Jacob Stovner,Bryan Strub,Michelle L Subart,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Bruno F. Sunguya,Patrick J Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan L. Sykes,Dillon O Sylte,Cassandra Szoeke,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla,Getachew Redae Taffere,Jukka Takala,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanne,Yihunie L Tarekegn,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Nuno Taveira,Hugh R. Taylor,Teketo Kassaw Tegegne,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Tesfalidet Tekelab,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,Dawit Jember Tesfaye,Belay Tesssema,JS Thakur,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Alice Theadom,Andrew Theis,Katie E Thomas,Nihal Thomas,Robert C. Thompson,Amanda G. Thrift,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Myriam Tobollik,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topor-Madry,Miguel Tortajada,Mathilde Touvier,Jefferson Traebert,Bach Xuan Tran,Christopher Troeger,Thomas Truelsen,Derrick Tsoi,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Hayley D. Tymeson,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Chigozie Jesse Uneke,Rachel L Updike,Olalekan A. Uthman,Benjamin Uzochukwu,Job F M van Boven,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,Lennert J. Veerman,Shubhashree Venkatesh,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Ramesh Vidavalur,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Francesco Saverio Violante,Abhishek Vishnu,Sergey K Vladimirov,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Mitchell T. Wallin,Yuan-Pang Wang,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Daniel J. Weiss,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Hywel C Williams,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Belete Getahun Woldeyes,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Anthony D. Woolf,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Simon Yadgir,Mohsen Yaghoubi,Bereket Yakob,Lijing L Yan,Yuichiro Yano,Pengpeng Ye,Mahari Yihdego,Hassen Hamid Yimam,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Z. Younis,Chuanhua Yu,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Elias Asfaw Zegeye,Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe,Xueying Zhang,Yingfeng Zheng,Maigeng Zhou,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Leo Zoeckler,Liesl Zühlke,Christopher J L Murray +803 more
TL;DR: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements and the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development
John G. Meara,John G. Meara,Andrew J M Leather,Lars Hagander,Blake C. Alkire,Nivaldo Alonso,Emmanuel A. Ameh,Stephen W. Bickler,Lesong Conteh,Anna J Dare,Justine Davies,Eunice D érivois Mérisier,Shenaaz El-Halabi,Paul Farmer,Paul Farmer,Atul A. Gawande,Rowan Gillies,Sarah L M Greenberg,Sarah L M Greenberg,Sarah L M Greenberg,Caris E Grimes,Russell L. Gruen,Russell L. Gruen,Edna Adan Ismail,Thaim B. Kamara,Chris Lavy,Ganbold Lundeg,Nyengo Mkandawire,Nyengo Mkandawire,Nakul P Raykar,Nakul P Raykar,Nakul P Raykar,Johanna N Riesel,Edgar B. Rodas,John A. Rose,Nobhojit Roy,Mark G. Shrime,Mark G. Shrime,Richard Sullivan,Stéphane Verguet,David A. K. Watters,Thomas G. Weiser,Iain H Wilson,Gavin Yamey,Winnie Yip +44 more
TL;DR: The need for surgical services in low- and middleincome countries will continue to rise substantially from now until 2030, with a large projected increase in the incidence of cancer, road traffic injuries, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in LMICs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the true global burden of mental illness.
TL;DR: It is argued that the global burden of mental illness is underestimated and the reasons for under-estimation are examined to identify five main causes: overlap between psychiatric and neurological disorders; the grouping of suicide and self-harm as a separate category; conflation of all chronic pain syndromes with musculoskeletal disorders; exclusion of personality disorders from disease burden calculations; and inadequate consideration of the contribution of severe mental illness to mortality from associated causes.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2007 Update A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
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TL;DR: This chapter describes the most important sources and the types of data the AHA uses from them and other government agencies to derive the annual statistics in this Update.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones,Robert J. Adams,Mercedes R. Carnethon,Giovanni de Simone,T. Bruce Ferguson,Katherine M. Flegal,Earl S. Ford,Karen L. Furie,Alan S. Go,Kurt J. Greenlund,Nancy Haase,Susan M. Hailpern,Michael Ho,Virginia J. Howard,Brett M. Kissela,Steven J. Kittner,Daniel T. Lackland,Lynda D. Lisabeth,Ariane Marelli,Mary M. McDermott,James B. Meigs,Dariush Mozaffarian,Graham Nichol,Christopther O'Donnell,Véronique L. Roger,Wayne D. Rosamond,Ralph L. Sacco,Paul D. Sorlie,Randall S. Stafford,Julia Steinberger,Thomas Thorn,Sylvia Wasserthiel-Smoller,Nathan D. Wong,Judith Wylie-Rosett,Yuling Hong +34 more
TL;DR: The statistical update brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease.
Lynn B. Gerald,William C. Bailey +1 more
TL;DR: Representatives from many countries serve as a network for the dissemination and implementation of programs for diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD.
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