Journal ArticleDOI
The Gut-Brain Axis: Two Ways Signaling in Parkinson’s Disease
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TLDR
Wang et al. as discussed by the authors summarized how the alterations in gut microbiota and ENS inflammation are associated with Parkinson's disease and discussed the evidence supporting the causative role played by gutassociated dysbiosis and microbial byproducts, in the onset of PD.Abstract:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and second most prevalent neurological disorder affecting the motor system. Cardinal motor impairment and α-synucleinopathy are the characteristic features of PD. Recently, it has been identified that the gut-brain axis is substantially regulated by the gut microbiome (GM) through an immunological, neuroendocrine, and neural mechanism. However, disturbance in the gut-microbiome-brain axis in PD might proceed to gastrointestinal manifestations intermittently leading to the motor system and the PD pathogenesis itself. The gut microbial toxins may induce the production of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in the enteric nervous system (ENS), which may proliferate and propagate in a prion-like-manner through the vagus nerve to the central nervous system (CNS); supporting the hypothesis that, GM might play a pivotal role in PD pathogenesis. Overstimulated innate immune system due to intestinal bacterial overgrowth or gut dysbiosis and the enhanced intestinal permeability may persuade systemic inflammation, while the activation of enteric glial cells and enteric neurons may contribute to α-synucleinopathy. Gut microbiota can bear a significant impact on neurological outcomes such as learning, memory and cognition. In this review paper, we summarize how the alterations in gut microbiota and ENS inflammation are associated with PD pathogenesis. The evidence supporting the causative role played by gut-associated dysbiosis and microbial byproducts, in the onset of PD is also discussed. We have highlighted the landmark discoveries in the field of PD particularly focusing on the gut-brain axis. A better comprehension of the interaction between the gut-brain axis, gut microbiota, and PD can usher in novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Chronic Oral Probiotic Treatment in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain.
Mariarosaria Cuozzo,Vanessa Castelli,Carmen Avagliano,Annamaria Cimini,Annamaria Cimini,Michele d'Angelo,Claudia Cristiano,Roberto Russo +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a probiotic formulation, SLAB51, was used to prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in CIPN-mice and to prevent the mechanical and cold hypersensitivity induced by taxanes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain-gut-microbiota axis in Parkinson’s disease: A historical review and future perspective
TL;DR: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) after Alzheimer's disease as discussed by the authors , and the clinical manifestations of patients with PD include gastrointestinal symptoms, which even precede the motor symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for Peripheral Immune Activation in Parkinson’s Disease
Xueping Chen,Weihua Feng,Ruwei Ou,Jiao Liu,Jing Yang,Jiajia Fu,Bei Cao,Yongping Chen,Qianqian Wei,Huifang Shang +9 more
TL;DR: The results regarding the percentage of T-cell subsets are inconsistent, and the changes of immunoglobins levels have been seldom studied in Parkinson's disease patients as discussed by the authors, and the correlations between the variables of peripheral immune activation (PIA) and the clinical characteristics of PD were analyzed using correlation analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment
Angelica Varesi,Lucrezia Irene Maria Campagnoli,Foroogh Fahmideh,E Pierella,Marcello Romeo,Giovanni Ricevuti,Marchesi Nicoletta,Salvatore Chirumbolo,Alessia Pascale +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients is presented, the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers are reviewed, and the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Therapy.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the latest research to examine the association of gut microbiota with Parkinson's disease and the future prospects of FMT treatment, and suggested the protective and pathogenic effects of certain gut microbial species on PD progression.
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