The gut microbiome as therapeutic target
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...We have previously shown that prebiotics improve gut barrier function and reduce the metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity by increasing release of gut peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 (GLP-1 and -2).(10,18,20-22,26,73,74) We found that prebiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota promote GLP-1 and GLP-2 synthesis (proglucagon mRNA, GLP-1 and GLP-2 peptides) in the proximal colon (Fig....
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...The human microbiota consists of as many as 10 to 100 trillion microorganisms, a number that is at least 10-fold more than cells that make up the human body,(17) meaning that the cells that compose our body are 10% human and 90% microbes.(18) Therefore, it is now widely accepted that this consortium of cells provides important metabolic and biological functions that cannot be performed by our human metabolism....
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...As mentioned already, the gut microbiota can be considered as an “exteriorized organ” that contributes to host metabolism and homeostasis via different functions and mechanisms.(18) Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to host metabolism through communication with adipose tissue, which influences the development of metabolic alterations associated with obesity....
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569 citations
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...Probiotic and prebiotic treatments may be an approach to reversing host metabolic alterations associated with dysbiosis observed in obesity [88]....
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494 citations
Cites background from "The gut microbiome as therapeutic t..."
...(MyD88), into lipid rafts of the membrane, leading to the activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can lead to inflammation((38,67,68))....
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