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The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission
Kirpal Nandra,Didier Barret,Xavier Barcons,Andrew C. Fabian,Jan-Willem den Herder,Luigi Piro,M. G. Watson,C. Adami,James Aird,Jose Afonso,D. M. Alexander,Costanza Argiroffi,Lorenzo Amati,Monique Arnaud,Jean-Luc Atteia,Marc Audard,Carles Badenes,Jean Ballet,Lucía Ballo,Aya Bamba,Anil Bhardwaj,Elia S. Battistelli,Werner Becker,Michaël De Becker,Ehud Behar,Stefano Bianchi,Veronica Biffi,Laura Birzan,Fabrizio Bocchino,Slavko Bogdanov,L. Boirin,Thomas Boller,Stefano Borgani,Katharina Borm,Nicolas Bouché,Hervé Bourdin,Richard G. Bower,Valentina Braito,Enzo Branchini,Graziella Branduardi-Raymont,Joel N. Bregman,Laura Brenneman,Murray Brightman,Marcus Brüggen,Johannes Buchner,Esra Bulbul,Marcella Brusa,Michal Bursa,Alessandro Caccianiga,Edward M. Cackett,Sergio Campana,Nico Cappelluti,Massimo Cappi,Francisco J. Carrera,Maite Ceballos,Finn Erland Christensen,You-Hua Chu,Eugene Churazov,Nicolas Clerc,Stephane Corbel,Amalia Corral,Andrea Comastri,Elisa Costantini,Judith H. Croston,Mauro Dadina,Antonino D'Ai,Anne Decourchelle,Roberto Della Ceca,Konrad Dennerl,Klaus Dolag,Chris Done,Michal Dovciak,Jeremy J. Drake,Dominique Eckert,Alastair C. Edge,Stefano Ettori,Yuichiro Ezoe,Eric D. Feigelson,Rob Fender,Chiara Feruglio,Alexis Finoguenov,Fabrizio Fiore,Massimiliano Galeazzi,Sarah C. Gallagher,Poshak Gandhi,Massimo Gaspari,Fabio Gastaldello,Antonis Georgakakis,I. Georgantopoulos,Marat Gilfanov,Myriam Gitti,Randy Gladstone,R. Goosmann,Eric Gosset,Nicolas Grosso,Manuel Guedel,Martín A. Guerrero,Frank Haberl,Martin J. Hardcastle,Sebastian Heinz,A. Herrero,Anthony Hervé,M. Holmstrom,Kazushi Iwasawa,Peter G. Jonker,Jelle Kaastra,Erin Kara,Vladimir Karas,Joel H. Kastner,Andrew J. King,D. Kosenko,Dimitra Koutroumpa,Ralph P. Kraft,Ingo Kreykenbohm,Rosine Lallement,Giorgio Lanzuisi,J. Lee,Marianne Lemoine-Goumard,Andrew Lobban,Giuseppe Lodato,Lorenzo Lovisari,Simone Lotti,Ian Mccharthy,Brian R. McNamara,Antonio Maggio,Roberto Maiolino,Barbara De Marco,D. de Martino,Silvia Mateos,Giorgio Matt,Ben J Maughan,Pasquale Mazzotta,Mariano Mendez,Andrea Merloni,Giuseppina Micela,Marco Miceli,Robert Mignani,Jon M. Miller,Giovanni Miniutti,Silvano Molendi,Rodolfo Montez,Alberto Moretti,Christian Motch,Yaël Nazé,Jukka Nevalainen,Fabrizio Nicastro,Paul Nulsen,Takaya Ohashi,P. T. O'Brien,J. P. Osborne,Lida Oskinova,Florian Pacaud,F. B. S. Paerels,Mat Page,I. E. Papadakis,Giovanni Pareschi,Robert Petre,Pierre-Olivier Petrucci,Enrico Piconcelli,Ignazio Pillitteri,Ciro Pinto,Jelle de Plaa,Etienne Pointecouteau,Trevor J. Ponman,Gabriele Ponti,Delphine Porquet,Ken Pounds,Gabriel W. Pratt,Peter Predehl,Daniel Proga,Dimitrios Psaltis,David Rafferty,M. E. Ramos-Ceja,Piero Ranalli,Elena Rasia,Arne Rau,Grégor Rauw,Nanda Rea,A. M. Read,James Reeves,Thomas H. Reiprich,Matthieu Renaud,Christopher S. Reynolds,Guido Risaliti,Jerome Rodriguez,Paola Rodriguez Hidalgo,Mauro Roncarelli,David J. Rosario,Mariachiara Rossetti,Agata Różańska,Emmanouil Rovilos,Ruben Salvaterra,Mara Salvato,Tiziana Di Salvo,Jeremy S. Sanders,Jorge Sanz-Forcada,Kevin Schawinski,Joop Schaye,Axel Schwope,Salvatore Sciortino,Paola Severgnini,Francesco Shankar,Debora Sijacki,Stuart A. Sim,Christian Schmid,Randall K. Smith,Andrew W. Steiner,Beate Stelzer,G. C. Stewart,Tod E. Strohmayer,Lothar Strüder,Ming Sun,Yoh Takei,Vincent Tatischeff,Andreas Tiengo,Francesco Tombesi,Ginevra Trinchieri,Takeshi Go Tsuru,Asif ud-Doula,Eugenio Ursino,Lynne Valencic,Eros Vanzella,Simon Vaughan,Cristian Vignali,Jacco Vink,Fabio Vito,Marta Volonteri,Daniel Wang,Natalie A. Webb,Richard Willingale,Joern Wilms,Michael W. Wise,Diana M Worrall,Andrew J. Young,Luca Zampieri,Jean in 't Zand,Silvia Zane,Andreas Zezas,Y.-Y. Zhang,Irina Zhuravleva +239 more
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TLDR
The Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena+) mission as discussed by the authors provides the necessary performance (e.g., angular resolution, spectral resolution, survey grasp) to address these questions and revolutionize our understanding of the Hot and Energetic Universe.Abstract:
This White Paper, submitted to the recent ESA call for science themes to define its future large missions, advocates the need for a transformational leap in our understanding of two key questions in astrophysics: 1) How does ordinary matter assemble into the large scale structures that we see today? 2) How do black holes grow and shape the Universe? Hot gas in clusters, groups and the intergalactic medium dominates the baryonic content of the local Universe. To understand the astrophysical processes responsible for the formation and assembly of these large structures, it is necessary to measure their physical properties and evolution. This requires spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy with a factor 10 increase in both telescope throughput and spatial resolving power compared to currently planned facilities. Feedback from supermassive black holes is an essential ingredient in this process and in most galaxy evolution models, but it is not well understood. X-ray observations can uniquely reveal the mechanisms launching winds close to black holes and determine the coupling of the energy and matter flows on larger scales. Due to the effects of feedback, a complete understanding of galaxy evolution requires knowledge of the obscured growth of supermassive black holes through cosmic time, out to the redshifts where the first galaxies form. X-ray emission is the most reliable way to reveal accreting black holes, but deep survey speed must improve by a factor ~100 over current facilities to perform a full census into the early Universe. The Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (Athena+) mission provides the necessary performance (e.g. angular resolution, spectral resolution, survey grasp) to address these questions and revolutionize our understanding of the Hot and Energetic Universe. These capabilities will also provide a powerful observatory to be used in all areas of astrophysics.read more
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A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation.
Thomas E. Riley,Anna L. Watts,Slavko Bogdanov,Paul S. Ray,Renee M. Ludlam,Sebastien Guillot,Sebastien Guillot,Zaven Arzoumanian,Charles Baker,Anna V. Bilous,Deepto Chakrabarty,Keith C. Gendreau,Alice K. Harding,Wynn C. G. Ho,Wynn C. G. Ho,James M. Lattimer,Sharon M. Morsink,Tod E. Strohmayer +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the mass and equatorial radius of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030$+$0451 were estimated from the ICER X-ray spectral-timing event data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
Michele Maggiore,Chris Van Den Broeck,Nicola Bartolo,Nicola Bartolo,Enis Belgacem,Daniele Bertacca,M. A. Bizouard,Marica Branchesi,Sebastien Clesse,Sebastien Clesse,Stefano Foffa,Juan Garcia-Bellido,Stefan Grimm,Jan Harms,Tanja Hinderer,Sabino Matarrese,C. Palomba,Marco Peloso,Angelo Ricciardone,Mairi Sakellariadou +19 more
TL;DR: The Einstein Telescope (ET) as mentioned in this paper is a proposed European ground-based gravitational-wave detector of third-generation, which is an evolution of second-generation detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA.
Journal ArticleDOI
AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
Fabrizio Fiore,Chiara Feruglio,Francesco Shankar,M. Bischetti,A. Bongiorno,Marcella Brusa,Marcella Brusa,Stefano Carniani,Stefano Carniani,Claudia Cicone,F. Duras,A. Lamastra,V. Mainieri,Alessandro Marconi,Alessandro Marconi,Nicola Menci,Roberto Maiolino,Enrico Piconcelli,G. Vietri,Luca Zappacosta +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors acknowledge support from the FP7 Career Integration Grant “eEASy” (CIG 321913), LZ acknowledges support from ASI/INAF grant I/037/12/0 and CF acknowledges funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant agreement No 664931.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active galactic nuclei: what’s in a name?
Paolo Padovani,David M. Alexander,Roberto J. Assef,B. De Marco,Paolo Giommi,Ryan C. Hickox,Gordon T. Richards,Vernesa Smolčić,Evanthia Hatziminaoglou,V. Mainieri,Mara Salvato +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their "big picture" through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to gamma-gamma -rays as well as AGN variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cosmic X-ray surveys of distant active galaxies
W. N. Brandt,David M. Alexander +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review results from cosmic X-ray surveys of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) over the past 15 years that have dramatically improved our understanding of growing supermassive black holes in the distant universe.
References
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Posted Content
Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Supplemental Material
John Kormendy,Luis C. Ho +1 more
TL;DR: Kormendy and Ho as mentioned in this paper proposed a method to estimate the BH masses for galaxies with active nuclei (AGNs) based on the observational criteria that are used to classify classical and pseudo bulges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
John Kormendy,Luis C. Ho +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the observed demographics and inferred evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) found by dynamical modeling of spatially resolved kinematics are reviewed and a richer and more plausible picture in which BHs correlate differently with different galaxy components.
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Scaling relations for galaxy clusters: Properties and evolution
S. Giodini,Lorenzo Lovisari,Etienne Pointecouteau,Stefano Ettori,Thomas H. Reiprich,Henk Hoekstra +5 more
TL;DR: A review of the recent literature on various scaling relations, focussing on the latest observational measurements and the progress in our understanding of the deviations from self similarity can be found in this paper.
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Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters
Thomas H. Reiprich,Kaustuv Basu,Stefano Ettori,Holger Israel,Lorenzo Lovisari,Silvano Molendi,Etienne Pointecouteau,Mauro Roncarelli +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize and illustrate the relevant underlying physical and chemical processes and review the recent progress in X-ray, Sunyaev--Zel'dovich, and weak gravitational lensing observations of cluster outskirts, including brief discussions of technical challenges and possible future improvements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chandra View of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium Toward 1ES 1553+113: Absorption-Line Detections and Identifications. I
Fabrizio Nicastro,Fabrizio Nicastro,Martin Elvis,Yair Krongold,Smita Mathur,A. Gupta,Charles W. Danforth,Xavier Barcons,Stefano Borgani,Stefano Borgani,Enzo Branchini,Renyue Cen,Romeel Davé,Jelle Kaastra,F. B. S. Paerels,Luigi Piro,J. M. Shull,Yoh Takei,Luca Zappacosta +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the first results from the pilot 500-k Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Large Program observation of the soft X-ray brightest source in the z 0.4 sky, the blazar 1ES 1553+113, aimed to secure the first uncontroversial detections of the missing baryons in the X-rays.
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