The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine : a technical review.
TL;DR: In this article, a review is given of contemporary research on the hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine and the emphasis is on light-to medium-duty engine research, where it is shown that due to low volumetric efficiencies and frequent preignition combustion events, the power densities of premixed or port-fuel-injected hydrogen engines are diminished relative to gasoline-powered engines.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.The article was published on 2006-08-01. It has received 831 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Internal combustion engine & Combustion.
Citations
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TL;DR: The Scope of Review: Large-Scale Centralized Energy Storage, Chemical Energy Storage: Solar Fuels, and Capacitors 6486 5.1.2.
Abstract: 1. Setting the Scope of the Challenge 6474 1.1. The Need for Solar Energy Supply and Storage 6474 1.2. An Imperative for Discovery Research 6477 1.3. Scope of Review 6478 2. Large-Scale Centralized Energy Storage 6478 2.1. Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage (PHES) 6479 2.2. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 6480 3. Smaller Scale Grid and Distributed Energy Storage 6481 3.1. Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) 6481 3.2. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage 6482 4. Chemical Energy Storage: Electrochemical 6482 4.1. Batteries 6482 4.1.1. Lead-Acid Batteries 6483 4.1.2. Alkaline Batteries 6484 4.1.3. Lithium-Ion Batteries 6484 4.1.4. High-Temperature Sodium Batteries 6484 4.1.5. Liquid Flow Batteries 6485 4.1.6. Metal-Air Batteries 6485 4.2. Capacitors 6485 5. Chemical Energy Storage: Solar Fuels 6486 5.1. Solar Fuels in Nature 6486 5.2. Artificial Photosynthesis and General Considerations of Water Splitting 6486
2,570 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H 2 ICEs) can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the fundamentals of the combustion of hydrogen, details on the different mixture formation strategies and their emissions characteristics, measures to convert existing vehicles, dedicated hydrogen engine features, a state of the art on increasing power output and efficiency while controlling emissions and modeling.
743 citations
29 Jul 2014
TL;DR: The types of sensors reviewed in this chapter are (1) room-temperature hydrogen leak sensors; (2) thermometers, particularly useful at low temperature; (3) liquid hydrogen volume and mass gauges; and (4) para/ortho hydrogen ratiometers as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Four types of hydrogen detectors are used by researchers, engineers, and manufacturers
today, and if hydrogen continues to play a role in emerging alternative energy sources,
there will be exponential growth in the use and need for more advanced and more robust
devices in the future. The types of sensors reviewed in this chapter are (1) room-temperature hydrogen leak sensors; (2) thermometers, particularly useful at low temperature;
(3) liquid hydrogen volume and mass gauges; and (4) para/ortho hydrogen ratiometers.
631 citations
Cites background from "The hydrogen-fueled internal combus..."
...Injection is usually designed to be sonic to allow for high mass flow rates and short injection durations even at high engines speeds [13]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-fuel engine with high-cetane fuel and natural gas injection is used to provide a source of ignition for the charge of a spark-ignition (SI) engine.
595 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for hydrogen and H2/CO (syngas) mixtures has been updated, rate constants have been adjusted to reflect new experimental information obtained at high pressures and new rate constant values recently published in the literature, and good agreement was observed.
576 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe real engine flow and combustion processes, as well as engine operating characteristics and their operation, including engine design and operating parameters, engine characteristics, and operating characteristics.
Abstract: 1 Engine Types and Their Operations 2 Engine Design and Operating Parameters 3 Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures 4 Properties of Working Fluids 5 Ideal Models of Engine Cycles 6 Gas Exchange Processes 7 SI Engine Fuel Metering and Manifold Phenomena 8 Charge Motion within the Cylinder 9 Combustion in Ignition Engines 10 Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines 11 Pollutant Formation and Control 12 Engine Heat Transfer 13 Engine Friction and Lubrication 14 Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion Processes 15 Engine Operating Characteristics Appendixes
14,372 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanisms and rate parameters for the gas-phase reactions of nitrogen compounds that are applicable to combustion-generated air pollution are discussed and illustrated by comparison of results from detailed kinetics calculations with experimental data.
2,843 citations
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01 Jan 1961
TL;DR: The second edition of this book has been in short supply for some time and the authors have decided in favor of a reprint of the book rather than an extensive revision at this time.
Abstract: For some time copies of the second edition of this book have been in short supply. In order to meet, the demand for additional copies the authors have decided in favor of a reprint of the book rather than an extensive revision at this time. The justification for this lies in the character of the book. It was conceived as an exposition of basic concepts of gaseous combustion phenomena. Since the publication of the second edition in 1961 the literature on the subject has grown in volume very greatly. However, virtually no new concepts in gaseous combustion have evolved. For this reason we feel that the book, in its present form, continues to serve well the purpose for which it was intended, namely, to provide a systematic presentation of the fundamentals of combustion for scientists and engineers. In addition, we feel that the present edition has not yet outlived its usefulness as a source of data. Furthermore, the utility of certain concepts is only now beginning to be appreciated. This applies in particular to the concept of flame stretch which permits a unified approach to seemingly widely different sets of phenomena, including ignition, flame extinction, stabilization, quenching, flammability limits, and maximum heat release rates.
1,857 citations
TL;DR: An overview on the development of hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines and ties together the recent efforts with the past achievements in this field is presented in this paper, where the causes of various undesirable combustion phenomena such as backfire, pre-ignition, knocking and rapid rate of pressure rise are discussed.
198 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the autoignition and combustion of hydrogen in a constant-volume combustion vessel under simulated direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions and found that the ignition delay of hydrogen under DI diesel conditions has a strong, Arrhenius dependence on temperature.
140 citations