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Journal ArticleDOI

The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of past Environments

01 Mar 1989-The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (Cambridge University Press)-Vol. 47, Iss: 2, pp 196-198
TL;DR: D Daniels and Cosgrove as discussed by the authors discuss the political iconography of woodland in later Georgian England and the geometrical geometry of landscape in sixteenth-century Venetian land territories.
Abstract: Preface Introduction: iconography and landscape Stephen Daniels and Denis Cosgrove 1. The geography of Mother Nature Peter Fuller 2. The evocative symbolism of trees Douglas Davies 3. The political iconography of woodland in later Georgian England Stephen Daniels 4. Places and dwellings: Wordsworth, Clare and the anti-picturesque John Lacas 5. Art and agrarian change, 1710-1815 Hugh Prince 6. 'Fields of radiance': the scientific and industrial scenes of Joseph Wright David Fraser 7. The privation of history: Landseer, Victoria and the Highland myth Trevor P. Pringle 8. The iconography of nationhood in Canadian art Brian S. Osborne 9. Rhetoric of the western interior: modes of environmental description in American promotional literature of the nineteenth century G. Malcolm Lewis 10. Symbolism, 'ritualism' and the location of crowds in early nineteenth-century English towns Mark Harrison 11. Symbol of the Second Empire: cultural politics and the Paris Opera House Penelope Woolf 12. The sphinx in the north: egyptian influences on landscape, architecture and interior design in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Scotland Eric Grant 13. The geometry of landscape: practical and speculative arts in sixteenth-century Venetian land territories Denis Cosgrove 14. Maps, knowledge, and power J. B. Harley Index.
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Journal Article
TL;DR: Critical cartography as discussed by the authors challenges academic cartography by linking geographic knowledge with power, and thus is political, and argues that contemporary critical cartography can only be understood in the historical context of the development of the cartographic discipline more generally.
Abstract: This paper provides a brief introduction to critical cartography. We define critical cartography as a one-two punch of new mapping practices and theoretical critique. Critical cartography challenges academic cartography by linking geographic knowledge with power, and thus is political. Although contemporary critical cartography rose to prominence in the 1990s, we argue that it can only be understood in the historical context of the development of the cartographic discipline more generally. We sketch some of the history of this development, and show that critiques have continually accompanied the discipline. In the post-war period cartography underwent a significant solidification as a science, while at the same time other mapping practices (particularly artistic experimentation with spatial representation) were occurring. Coupled with the resurgence of theoretical critiques during the 1990s, these developments serve to question the relevance of the discipline of cartography at a time when mapping is increasingly prevalent and vital.

449 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that a use-based approach is needed in order to develop information processing environments appropriate to distinct stages of scientific research and decision making.
Abstract: An approach to the visualization of georeferenced data is presented. This approach is rooted in cartography and emphasizes the use of visual methods in research and decision making. Several definitions proposed within cartography are considered and the links between “cartographic” visualization and scientific visualization more generally are discussed. From this base, a perspective on visualization is articulated in which attention is directed to the goals for use of maps and related georeferenced displays. We argue that a use-based approach is needed in order to develop information processing environments appropriate to distinct stages of scientific research and decision making. The paper concludes by proposing a set of research problems that are prompted by taking a use-based approach to visualization, and then outlining the selection and context of the papers in this special issue.

384 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review called for the definition of a landscape approach in archaeology and suggested that archaeology is particularly well suited among the social sciences for defining and applying a landscape-based approach.
Abstract: This review calls for the definition of a landscape approach in archaeology. After tracing the development of the landscape idea over its history in the social sciences and examining the compatibility between this concept and traditional archaeological practice, we suggest that archaeology is particularly well suited among the social sciences for defining and applying a landscape approach. If archaeologists are to use the landscape paradigm as a “pattern which connects” human behavior with particular places and times, however, we need a common terminology and methodology to build a construct paradigm. We suggest that settlement ecology, ritual landscapes, and ethnic landscapes will contribute toward the definition of such a broadly encompassing paradigm that also will facilitate dialogue between archaeologists and traditional communities.

358 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored how the concept of authenticity is constructed, experienced and employed by visitors and staff in the provocative landscape of the ghost town of Bodie, California, and found that authenticity in a ghost town is not tied to the accuracy with which it represents its past.
Abstract: This qualitative study explores how the concept of authenticity is constructed, experienced and employed by visitors and staff in the provocative landscape of the ghost town of Bodie, California. Bodie State Historic Park, once a booming gold-mining town, now greets some two hundred thousand tourists annually and is widely applauded for its authenticity. In this paper, I explore the meaning of this term in its ghost-town context: while boom-town Bodie was a bustling commercial center, ghost-town Bodie appears abandoned and devoid of commercial activity. Thus, authenticity in a ghost town is not tied to the accuracy with which it represents its past. Yet a version of Bodie's past is what both visitors and staff experience: they employ Bodie's authenticity to engage with the mythic West, a romanticized version of the Anglo-American past that upholds dominant contemporary Anglo-American values. Bodie's false-fronted facades and ramshackle miners' cabins call forth these images, familiar to visitors from movi...

306 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The transdisciplinary landscape concept as mentioned in this paper is based on five dimensions of landscapes: the spatial entity, the mental entity, temporal dimension, the nexus of nature and culture, and the systemic properties of landscapes.
Abstract: Different disciplines have landscape as the focal point of their research. They are successful in presenting new findings about landscapes within their specialisation, but collaboration—and thus, transfer of knowledge across disciplinary boundaries—is seldom realised because a common approach that bridges the gaps between disciplines is missing. Instead, different landscape concepts exist side by side. Yet, cooperation is required to tackle the various environmental and social problems related to landscapes. This paper provides an overview of the historical development of landscape concepts originating from different cultural and scientific trends, and presents a new complex concept of landscape, which is designed to enable transdisciplinary landscape research. The transdisciplinary landscape concept is based on five dimensions of landscapes: the spatial entity, the mental entity, the temporal dimension, the nexus of nature and culture, and the systemic properties of landscapes. In contrast to other approaches, it unites dimensions that are usually the domain of individual disciplines and makes it, thus, possible to capitalise on plurality in landscape research. The concept promotes landscape as the combination of the subsystems known as the geo-, bio- and noo-sphere, and is illustrated by the people–landscape interaction model. The concept can be applied to all human–landscape-related research, but is exemplified by two studies that have investigated the relationship between landscape and second-home tourism, and landscape and farming, respectively.

268 citations