The Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.
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In this paper, the current state of science on COVID-19 immunology in relation to solid organ transplantation with prospective therapeutic and vaccination strategies in this population is presented and compared to the previous studies.Abstract:
Since its outbreak in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to an enormous rise in scientific response with an excess of COVID-19-related studies on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are a heterogeneous population with long-lasting immunosuppression as a joining element. Immunocompromised patients are a vulnerable population with a high risk of severe infections and an increased infection-related mortality rate. It was postulated that the hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19 could be alleviated by immunosuppressive therapy in SOT patients. On the other hand, it was previously established that T cell-mediated immunity, which is significantly weakened in SOT recipients, is the main component of antiviral immune responses. In this paper, we present the current state of science on COVID-19 immunology in relation to solid organ transplantation with prospective therapeutic and vaccination strategies in this population.read more
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Decline in Antibody Concentration 6 Months After Two Doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls
Sebastian Rask Hamm,Dina Leth Møller,Laura Pérez-Alós,Cecilie Bo Hansen,Mia Pries-Heje,Line Dam Heftdal,Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch,Kamille Fogh,Johannes R. Madsen,Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros,Andreas Knudsen,Johan Runge Poulsen,Ruth Frikke-Schmidt,Linda Hilsted,E. Sørensen,Sisse R. Ostrowski,Zitta Barrella Harboe,Michael Perch,Søren Schwartz Sørensen,Allan Rasmussen,Henning Bundgaard,Peter Garred,Kasper Iversen,Susanne Dam Nielsen +23 more
TL;DR: Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The risk and consequences of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant recipients relative to non-immunosuppressed controls
Amanda J. Vinson,Alfred J. Anzalone,Jing Sun,Ran Dai,Gaurav Agarwal,Stephen B. Lee,Evan French,Amy L. Olex,Michael G. Ison,Roslyn B. Mannon +9 more
TL;DR: While the relative benefit of vaccine was less in SOT than non‐ISC, SOT patients still exhibited significant benefit with vaccination, compared to the non‐immunocompromised/immunosuppressed general population.
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Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Response in Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
TL;DR: In this paper , the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination in both orthotopic organ transplant and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients was comprehensively assessed.
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Molnupiravir When Used Alone Seems to Be Safe and Effective as Outpatient COVID-19 Therapy for Hemodialyzed Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients
Paweł Poznański,Hanna Augustyniak-Bartosik,Anna Magiera-Żak,Karolina Skalec,Katarzyna Jakuszko,Oktawia Mazanowska,Dariusz Janczak,Magdalena Krajewska,Dorota Kaminska +8 more
TL;DR: The study suggests the safety and efficacy of molnupiravir therapy alone early after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but further investigations should be performed to confirm the preliminary results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in solid‐organ transplant recipients: Incidence density and convalescent immunity prior to reinfection
Stephen R. Morris,Shweta Anjan,Suresh Pallikkuth,Paola Frattaroli,Steve Courel,Anmary Fernandez,Akina Natori,Lilian M. Abbo,Savita Pahwa,Giselle Guerra,Yoichiro Natori +10 more
TL;DR: Long‐term protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) remains poorly characterized, particularly in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients.
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