The Influence of Diet Menus and Sports Models on Decreased Blood Sugar Levels and Body Weight of Prediabetes Group
TL;DR: The conclusion of research was that the diet control and exercise menu models were able to influence the decrease in blood sugar levels and body weight in the prediabetes group, group a had a more significant effect because of jogging so that more calories burned.
Abstract: Prediabetes was a condition where a person has abnormal blood sugar levels but was not yet categorized as diabetes (140-199 mg / dl). The increased incidence of prediabetes affects the increasing number of cases of diabetes, unhealthy diet and irregular exercise models are factors that cause weight problems and blood sugar levels that increase cases of prediabetes to have an impact on diabetes cases. The research purpose was the effect of diet menus and exercise models on reducing blood sugar levels and body weight in the prediabetes group. The method research was the analytical method with the design of quasi-experimental, the population was 20 people, and the sample was total population or sample of 20 people by dividing 2 groups with different interventions, the technique with accidental sampling, and tool with SPSS 20, the data analyzed with independent t test. The result of research was the influence in group jasmine (diet and exercise menu (jogging)) (P value = 0.001 <α = 0.05), and in group rose (diet and exercise menu (casual walk)) (P value = 0.004 <α = 0.05) to reduce blood sugar levels and body weight. The conclusion of research was that the diet control and exercise menu models were able to influence the decrease in blood sugar levels and body weight in the prediabetes group, group a had a more significant effect because of jogging so that more calories burned.
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TL;DR: The educational system outlined establishes a basis for the potential role of integrating artificial intelligence and virtual reality simulation into surgical educational teaching, and creates a novel educational tool by integrating these three components into a formative educational paradigm.
Abstract: Simulation-based training is increasingly being used for assessment and training of psychomotor skills involved in medicine. The application of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies has provided new methodologies to utilize large amounts of data for educational purposes. A significant criticism of the use of artificial intelligence in education has been a lack of transparency in the algorithms’ decision-making processes. This study aims to 1) introduce a new framework using explainable artificial intelligence for simulation-based training in surgery, and 2) validate the framework by creating the Virtual Operative Assistant, an automated educational feedback platform. Twenty-eight skilled participants (14 staff neurosurgeons, 4 fellows, 10 PGY 4–6 residents) and 22 novice participants (10 PGY 1–3 residents, 12 medical students) took part in this study. Participants performed a virtual reality subpial brain tumor resection task on the NeuroVR simulator using a simulated ultrasonic aspirator and bipolar. Metrics of performance were developed, and leave-one-out cross validation was employed to train and validate a support vector machine in Matlab. The classifier was combined with a unique educational system to build the Virtual Operative Assistant which provides users with automated feedback on their metric performance with regards to expert proficiency performance benchmarks. The Virtual Operative Assistant successfully classified skilled and novice participants using 4 metrics with an accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of 92, 82 and 100%, respectively. A 2-step feedback system was developed to provide participants with an immediate visual representation of their standing related to expert proficiency performance benchmarks. The educational system outlined establishes a basis for the potential role of integrating artificial intelligence and virtual reality simulation into surgical educational teaching. The potential of linking expertise classification, objective feedback based on proficiency benchmarks, and instructor input creates a novel educational tool by integrating these three components into a formative educational paradigm.
101 citations
TL;DR: This review considers the major factors defining the interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health in low-income and middle-income countries with the greatest burden and needs.
Abstract: ‘Global surgery’ is the term adopted to describe a rapidly developing multidisciplinary field aiming to provide improved and equitable surgical care across international health systems. Sitting at the interface between numerous clinical and non-clinical specialisms, it encompasses multiple aspects that surround the treatment of surgical disease and its equitable provision across health systems globally. From defining the role of, and need for, optimal surgical care through to identifying barriers and implementing improvement, global surgery has an expansive remit. Advocacy, education, research and clinical components can all involve surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and allied healthcare professionals working together with non-clinicians, including policy makers, epidemiologists and economists. Long neglected as a topic within the global and public health arenas, an increasing awareness of the extreme disparities internationally has driven greater engagement. Not necessarily restricted to specific diseases, populations or geographical regions, these disparities have led to a particular focus on surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries with the greatest burden and needs. This review considers the major factors defining the interface between surgery, anaesthesia and public health in these settings.
65 citations
TL;DR: The use of direct electrical stimulation of the brain for the clinical treatment of disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease has been studied in this paper, where the authors discuss the advantages and opportunities, as well as the barriers and challenges presented by using DES in an ECoG-BCI.
Abstract: Electrocorticographic brain computer interfaces (ECoG-BCIs) offer tremendous opportunities for restoring function in individuals suffering from neurological damage and for advancing basic neuroscience knowledge. ECoG electrodes are already commonly used clinically for monitoring epilepsy and have greater spatial specificity in recording neuronal activity than techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). Much work to date in the field has focused on using ECoG signals recorded from cortex as control outputs for driving end effectors. An equally important but less explored application of an ECoG-BCI is directing input into cortex using ECoG electrodes for direct electrical stimulation (DES). Combining DES with ECoG recording enables a truly bidirectional BCI, where information is both read from and written to the brain. We discuss the advantages and opportunities, as well as the barriers and challenges presented by using DES in an ECoG-BCI. In this article, we review ECoG electrodes, the physics and physiology of DES, and the use of electrical stimulation of the brain for the clinical treatment of disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. We briefly discuss some of the translational, regulatory, financial, and ethical concerns regarding ECoG-BCIs. Next, we describe the use of ECoG-based DES for providing sensory feedback and for probing and modifying cortical connectivity. We explore future directions, which may draw on invasive animal studies with penetrating and surface electrodes as well as non-invasive stimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We conclude by describing enabling technologies, such as smaller ECoG electrodes for more precise targeting of cortical areas, signal processing strategies for simultaneous stimulation and recording, and computational modeling and algorithms for tailoring stimulation to each individual brain.
50 citations
TL;DR: This review focusses on the different building blocks necessary for a neurochemical, closed-loop neuromodulation system including biomarkers, sensors and data processing algorithms and highlights the merits and drawbacks of using this biomarker modality.
Abstract: Closed-loop or intelligent neuromodulation allows adjustable, personalized neuromodulation which usually incorporates the recording of a biomarker, followed by implementation of an algorithm which decides the timing (when?) and strength (how much?) of stimulation. Closed-loop neuromodulation has been shown to have greater benefits compared to open-loop neuromodulation, particularly for therapeutic applications such as pharmacoresistant epilepsy, movement disorders and potentially for psychological disorders such as depression or drug addiction. However, an important aspect of the technique is selection of an appropriate, preferably neural biomarker. Neurochemical sensing can provide high resolution biomarker monitoring for various neurological disorders as well as offer deeper insight into neurological mechanisms. The chemicals of interest being measured, could be ions such as potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-), hydrogen (H+) or neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and glutamate. This review focusses on the different building blocks necessary for a neurochemical, closed-loop neuromodulation system including biomarkers, sensors and data processing algorithms. Furthermore, it also highlights the merits and drawbacks of using this biomarker modality.
38 citations
TL;DR: This novel methodology aids in the understanding of which components of surgical performance predominantly contribute to expertise in a virtual reality-simulated anterior cervical discectomy scenario, allowing insight into the relative importance of specific metrics of performance.
Abstract: Background Virtual reality surgical simulators provide a safe environment for trainees to practice specific surgical scenarios and allow for self-guided learning. Artificial intelligence technology, including artificial neural networks, offers the potential to manipulate large datasets from simulators to gain insight into the importance of specific performance metrics during simulated operative tasks. Objective To distinguish performance in a virtual reality-simulated anterior cervical discectomy scenario, uncover novel performance metrics, and gain insight into the relative importance of each metric using artificial neural networks. Methods Twenty-one participants performed a simulated anterior cervical discectomy on the novel virtual reality Sim-Ortho simulator. Participants were divided into 3 groups, including 9 post-resident, 5 senior, and 7 junior participants. This study focused on the discectomy portion of the task. Data were recorded and manipulated to calculate metrics of performance for each participant. Neural networks were trained and tested and the relative importance of each metric was calculated. Results A total of 369 metrics spanning 4 categories (safety, efficiency, motion, and cognition) were generated. An artificial neural network was trained on 16 selected metrics and tested, achieving a training accuracy of 100% and a testing accuracy of 83.3%. Network analysis identified safety metrics, including the number of contacts on spinal dura, as highly important. Conclusion Artificial neural networks classified 3 groups of participants based on expertise allowing insight into the relative importance of specific metrics of performance. This novel methodology aids in the understanding of which components of surgical performance predominantly contribute to expertise.
35 citations
References
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05 Jun 2008
TL;DR: Theories of human behavior differ in their conceptions of human nature and what they regard as the basic determinants and mechanisms governing self-development, adaptation, and change as discussed by the authors, which is rooted in an agentic perspective.
Abstract: Theories of human behavior differ in their conceptions of human nature and what they regard as the basic determinants and mechanisms governing self-development, adaptation, and change. Social cognitive theory is rooted in an agentic perspective ( Bandura 1986, 2006a). To be an agent is to influence one's own functioning and events that affect one's life. In this view people are contributors to their life circumstances, not just products of them.
Keywords:
Information Processing and Cognitions;
Psychology
3,306 citations
"The Influence of Diet Menus and Spo..." refers background in this paper
...(Patimah, Iin., Wahyudi, Iwan., Susyanti, 2017; Shamizadeh, Jahangiry, Sarbakhsh, & Ponnet, 2019) Wieda Research, 2016 In prediabetes women aged 40-45 years it is known that the diet of kombucha tea can reduce blood sugar levels in the prediabetes group....
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Buku Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan berisi materi mengenai ilmu pengetahuan and penelitians, metode ilmu pengambilan sampel and metode pengumpulan data as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Buku Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan berisi materi mengenai ilmu pengetahuan dan penelitian, metode ilmu pengetahuan, penelitian kesehatan, metode penelitian survei, metode penelitian eksperimen, metode penelitian klinis, usulan penelitian, masalah penelitian, kerangka konsep definisi operasional variabel dan hipotesis, metode pengambilan sampel, metode pengumpulan data, mengembangkan instrumen penelitian, pengolahan dan analisis data, penyajian data dan laporan penelitian, etika penelitian, serta penulisan ilmiah
2,118 citations
TL;DR: Evidence to date indicates low long-term adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations, which calls for greater research and public health efforts focusing on strategies to facilitate behavior modification.
Abstract: Sustainable lifestyle modifications in diet and physical activity are the initial, and often the primary, component in the management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. An energy-prudent diet, coupled with moderate levels of physical activity, favorably affects several parameters of the metabolic syndrome and delays the onset of diabetic complications. Weight loss, albeit not an absolute prerequisite for improvement, is a major determinant and maximizes effectiveness. Adopting a healthy lifestyle pattern requires a series of long-term behavioral changes, but evidence to date indicates low long-term adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations. This calls for greater research and public health efforts focusing on strategies to facilitate behavior modification.
170 citations
TL;DR: The weight loss program resulted in greater weight loss and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, and there is a differential response to higher versus lower carbohydrate intake.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To test whether a weight loss program promotes greater weight loss, glycemic control, and improved cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with control conditions and whether there is a differential response to higher versus lower carbohydrate intake.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial at two university medical centers enrolled 227 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes and assigned them to parallel in-person diet and exercise counseling, with prepackaged foods in a planned menu during the initial phase, or to usual care (UC; two weight loss counseling sessions and monthly contacts).
RESULTS Relative weight loss was 7.4% (95% CI, 5.7–9.2%), 9.0% (7.1–10.9%), and 2.5% (1.3–3.8%) for the lower fat, lower carbohydrate, and UC groups ( P < 0.001 intervention effect). Glycemic control markers and triglyceride levels were lower in the intervention groups compared with UC group at 1 year (fasting glucose 141 [95% CI, 133–149] vs. 159 [144–174] mg/dL, P = 0.010; hemoglobin A1c 6.9% [6.6–7.1%] vs. 7.5% [7.1–7.9%] or 52 [49–54] vs. 58 [54–63] mmol/mol, P = 0.001; triglycerides 148 [134–163] vs. 204 [173–234] mg/dL, P < 0.001). The lower versus higher carbohydrate groups maintained lower hemoglobin A1c (6.6% [95% CI, 6.3–6.8%] vs. 7.2% [6.8–7.5%] or 49 [45–51] vs. 55 [51–58] mmol/mol) at 1 year ( P = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS The weight loss program resulted in greater weight loss and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
108 citations
Additional excerpts
...(Magkos, Faidon., Yannakoulia, Mary., L.Chan, Jean., S. Mantzoros, 2017; Putri, 2016; Rock et al., 2014; Ryu, Moon, & Jung, 2018)....
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TL;DR: The results support the effectiveness of an SCT-based PA intervention to reduce the risk of prediabetes developing into diabetes among rural patients with predi diabetes and suggest that implementation of S CT-basedPA intervention for a rural population at risk of diabetes has potential benefits.
Abstract: The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of a theory-based physical activity (PA) intervention for rural patients with prediabetes. It was hypothesized that a PA intervention program based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) will modify fasting blood sugar (FBS) among rural people with prediabetes, which in turn will result in a decrease in diabetes incidence in the rural area. A cluster RCT on prediabetic people was conducted in Ahar, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. A PA intervention in prediabetes was performed over 16 weeks of follow-ups in 12 villages (six per arm). Residents (n = 272; n = 136 per arm) were invited to participate in the study through rural health care centers during screening for eligibility. Participants in the intervention and control groups were informed of their prediabetic conditions and encouraged to make appropriate changes to their lifestyles to modify their prediabetes. The intervention was an educational program delivered over 16 weeks and involved behavioral change techniques. Through the education program, the intervention group received one session per week lasting about 90 min (a total of 16 sessions). The importance of risk control with PA, the duration of hill climbing, as well as exercise and safety tips were explained in a brochure that was given to the participants. Anthropometric measures, glycemic status, and PA were evaluated at the beginning of the program and after 16 weeks of follow-up. The PA program showed a reduction in FBS mg/dl at 16 weeks (large-effect-size Cohen’s d = −0.63, p = 0.001) compared to the control condition. PA intervention led to a large effect size on diastolic blood pressure (BP, − 1.01) and a medium effect size for systolic BP (− 0.57), body mass index (BMI, − 0.33), and weight (− 0.35). Based on generalized linear mixed model analysis, significant reductions in FBS (mg/dl), BMI, weight, and diastolic BP were found in the intervention group compared to the control group. Our results support the effectiveness of an SCT-based PA intervention to reduce the risk of prediabetes developing into diabetes among rural patients with prediabetes. Findings suggest that implementation of SCT-based PA intervention for a rural population at risk of diabetes has potential benefits. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT201607198132N4
. Registered on 1 September 2017. Prospectively registered.
22 citations