Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Fasting on Blood and Plasma Composition of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus)
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TLDR
Total protein, β‐hydroxybutyrate, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and lymphocyte and heterophil percentages may be the most reliable indicators of the nutritional status and the condition of free‐living herring gulls.Abstract:
Populations of scavenging seabird species in the North Sea may fluctuate with an artificial food source: the availability of fishery waste. To document this impact, it is necessary to assess the birds' nutritional status during periods with decreased fishing activity. Reference data for this purpose was collected from 22 herring gulls investigated during laboratory fasting. After 6 d of food deprivation and body mass losses exceeding 15%, the first birds entered starvation phase 3. Comparatively, this is a rather weak fasting capacity. Plasma levels of total protein and thyroid hormones decreased and β‐hydroxybutyrate increased with fasting duration. The leucocyte proportions were shifted from lymphocytes to heterophils. After 3 d of refeeding, most of the fasting changes were reversed. Plasma enzyme activities increased and hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte numbers decreased in both fasting and control birds, most likely as a result of experimental stress and repeated blood sampling. Gluco...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Starvation physiology: reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge.
TL;DR: The various physiological strategies that allow different animals to survive starvation are characterized and areas in which investigations of starvation can be improved are identified to facilitate meaningful investigations into the physiology of starvation in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Morphometric indices of body condition in birds: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review morphometric approaches (body mass, ratio and residual condition indices, predictive regression models, fat scoring, and abdominal profiles) for estimating body condition (defined as fat mass) in birds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sources of variation in haematocrit in birds
TL;DR: In temperate climates, haematocrit tended to be higher in winter than in summer, which may be due to dehydration or increased oxygen demand caused by thermogenesis, moult or acquisition of reproductive status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of experimental food restriction and body-mass changes on the avian T-cell-mediated immune response
TL;DR: A direct, nonlinear relationship between food intake, body mass, and CMI is identified in captive yellow-legged gulls, suggesting that birds may reach a threshold above which increases in food intake and body mass do not enhance CMI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid-based plumage coloration of male greenfinches reflects health and immunocompetence
TL;DR: Results suggest that carotenoid-based plumage coloration in greenfinches honestly signals immunocompetence and health status.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens.
W B Gross,H S Siegel +1 more
TL;DR: The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio appears to be a more reliable indicator of levels of corticosterone in the feed and to social stress than were the plasma corticosteroid levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A New Blood Diluent for Counting the Erythrocytes and Leucocytes of the Chicken
TL;DR: Hematological studies on chickens have long been hampered by the lack of a quick, readily applicable, and quantitative method for the enumeration of the leucocytes due to the fact that the nuclei of bird erythrocytes are not destroyed in the usual procedure for mammalian blood cell enumeration and therefore cannot be distinguished from theLeucocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology and biochemistry of long-term fasting in birds
TL;DR: The metabolic response of penguins and domestic geese to fasting has been studied in detail and it is shown that large birds, in contrast to small species, do not become torpid when they are fasting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fasting in king penguin. I. Hormonal and metabolic changes during breeding
TL;DR: It is suggested that protein sparing (phase II) requires low levels of corticosterone, insulin, and thyroid hormones, whereas the further increase in protein utilization (phase III) is due to an increase in plasma cortic testosterone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body composition, energy expenditure, and plasma metabolites in long-term fasting geese.
Y. Le Maho,H. Vu Van Kha,Harry Koubi,G. Dewasmes,Jean-Philippe Girard,Pascal Ferré,M. Cagnard +6 more
TL;DR: Throughout the fast, the variations in beta-OHB were a mirror image of those for daily changes in body mass and in nitrogen excretion: this presumably reflects a hormonal change, but might also suggest a key role of beta- OHB in the control of energy expenditure and/or in regulation of body mass as well as in protein sparing.
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