The influence of hydrogen sulfide on corrosion of iron under different conditions
TL;DR: In this article, a probable reaction mechanism is proposed to interpret theoretically how hydrogen sulfide inhibits the corrosion of iron, which is attributed to formation of ferrous sulfide (FeS) protective film on the electrode surface.
About: This article is published in Corrosion Science.The article was published on 2000-10-01. It has received 428 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Anaerobic corrosion & Ferrous.
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TL;DR: This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments.
Abstract: About a century ago, researchers first recognized a connection between the activity of environmental microorganisms and cases of anaerobic iron corrosion. Since then, such microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has gained prominence and its technical and economic implications are now widely recognized. Under anoxic conditions (e.g., in oil and gas pipelines), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are commonly considered the main culprits of MIC. This perception largely stems from three recurrent observations. First, anoxic sulfate-rich environments (e.g., anoxic seawater) are particularly corrosive. Second, SRB and their characteristic corrosion product iron sulfide are ubiquitously associated with anaerobic corrosion damage, and third, no other physiological group produces comparably severe corrosion damage in laboratory-grown pure cultures. However, there remain many open questions as to the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions to corrosion. On the one hand, SRB damage iron constructions indirectly through a corrosive chemical agent, hydrogen sulfide, formed by the organisms as a dissimilatory product from sulfate reduction with organic compounds or hydrogen ("chemical microbially influenced corrosion"; CMIC). On the other hand, certain SRB can also attack iron via withdrawal of electrons ("electrical microbially influenced corrosion"; EMIC), viz., directly by metabolic coupling. Corrosion of iron by SRB is typically associated with the formation of iron sulfides (FeS) which, paradoxically, may reduce corrosion in some cases while they increase it in others. This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments.
566 citations
Cites background from "The influence of hydrogen sulfide o..."
...It has been suggested that such cathodic stimulation results from biogenic dissolved sulfides (29, 83, 104, 111)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a macrocyclic polyether compounds containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety have been prepared to study the corrosion inhibitive effect of mild steel in normal hydrochloric acid solutions.
379 citations
TL;DR: Tagetes erecta (Marigold flower) [TEE] has been evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by means of gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements as mentioned in this paper.
378 citations
Cites background from "The influence of hydrogen sulfide o..."
...The value of ‘n’ represents the deviation from the ideal behavior and it lies between 0 and 1 [41]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitive action against the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution were investigated at 308 K by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods.
271 citations
TL;DR: A review of surfactants as corrosion inhibitors is designed to provide systemic evaluation of various physical and chemical properties, surfactant behaviors in corrosive environments, and their influence in corrosion inhibition.
232 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that an electrode with a double layer of CPE character can never be an ''ideally polarizable electrode'' and the conclusions can be qualitatively applied to all systems with an interface revealing CPE behaviour.
492 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, several equivalent circuits for the faradaic electrode process involving n state variables besides electrode potential are established in terms of the corresponding FAR equation in the case of ignoring mass transport, and the correspondence between element values of the circuits and electrochemical parameters of the FAR equation has also been determined by comparing the admittance or impedance of the equivalent circuit and the FAR equations.
Abstract: Several different types of equivalent circuits for the faradaic electrode process involving n state variables besides electrode potential are established in terms of the corresponding faradaic admittance equation in the case of ignoring mass transport. These circuits can develop into general equivalent circuits by introducing negative resistive and inductive and capacitive elements, each of which can be used to analyze any electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the faradaic electrode process under electrochemical reaction control. The correspondence between element values of the circuits and electrochemical parameters of the faradaic admittance equation has also been determined by comparing the admittance or impedance of the equivalent circuit and the faradaic admittance or impedance equation. The use of general equivalent circuits, together with the faradaic admittance equation, greatly simplifies the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the faradaic electrode processes. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
259 citations
TL;DR: The initial stages of corrosion of iron by unstirred saturated aqueous H/sub 2/S solutions at 21/sup 0/C and atmospheric pressure have been examined as a function of time, pH (from 2 to 7, adjusted by addition of H/Sub 2/SO/sub 4/ or NaOH), and applied current as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The initial stages of corrosion of iron by unstirred saturated aqueous H/sub 2/S solutions at 21/sup 0/C and atmospheric pressure have been examined as a function of time, pH (from 2 to 7, adjusted by addition of H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ or NaOH), and applied current. Detailed examination of the morphology and phase identity of the corrosion products has led to a qualitative mechanistic understanding of the corrosion reactions. Mackinawite (tetragonal FeS/sub 1-x/) is formed by both solid-state and precipitation processes. Cubic ferrous sulfide and troilite occur as precipitates between pH = 3 and pH = 5, subsequent to metal dissolution upon cracking of a mackinawite base layer formed by a solid-state mechanism. The corrosion rate, and the relative amounts of these phases produced, are controlled by pH, applied current, and the degree of convection. The corrosion rate increases with decreasing pH; the quantity of precipitated material peaks near pH = 4, below which dissolution becomes the dominant process as the solubilities of the sulfide solids increase. Significant passivation was observed only at pH = 7, when the initial mackinawite base layer remained virtually intact. The solid-state conversion of cubic ferrous sulfide to mackinawite at 21/sup 0/C was monitored by x-raymore » diffractometry. The resulting kinetics are consistent with the Avrami equation for a nucleation and growth process with a time exponent of 3.« less
255 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of Cu, Cu-Al and Al-Al-Ag alloys in aqueous solutions of NaCl (0.5 M, pH = 3.00) was studied by means of voltammetric methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
221 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the anodic dissolution of pure iron was studied in oxygen-free solutions at high concentrations of chloride and hydrogen ions at 25°C under potentiostatic steady-state conditions.
106 citations