Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Pollution on the Shortwave Albedo of Clouds
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In this article, it was shown that pollution can increase the reflectance (albedo) of clouds; by increasing the absorption coefficient it acts to decrease the reflectances, and that the former effect (brightening of the clouds in reflection, hence climatically a cooling effect) dominates for thin to moderately thick clouds.Abstract:
By increasing droplet concentration and thereby the optical thickness of a cloud, pollution acts to increase the reflectance (albedo) of clouds; by increasing the absorption coefficient it acts to decrease the reflectance. Calculations suggest that the former effect (brightening of the clouds in reflection, hence climatically a cooling effect) dominates for thin to moderately thick clouds, whereas for sufficiently thick clouds the latter effect (climatically a warming effect) can become dominant.read more
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Book Chapter
Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing
Piers M. Forster,Venkatachalam Ramaswamy,Paulo Artaxo,Terje Koren Berntsen,Richard Betts,David W. Fahey,Jim Haywood,Judith Lean,David C. Lowe,Gunnar Myhre,John Nganga,Ronald G. Prinn,Graciela B. Raga,Michael Schulz,Rob van Dorland,Greg Bodeker,Oliver Boucher,William D. Collins,T.J. Conway,Edward J. Dlugokencky,James W. Elkins,David Etheridge,P. Foukal,Paul J. Fraser,Marvyn Geller,Fortunat Joos,Charles D. Keeling,Stefan Kinne,K. Lassey,Ulrike Lohmann,Andrew C. Manning,S. A. Montzka,David E. Oram,K. O'Shaughnessy,S. Piper,Gian-Kasper Plattner,Michael Ponater,Navin Ramankutty,G. Reid,David Rind,Karen H. Rosenlof,Robert Sausen,D. Schwarzkopf,S.K. Solanki,Garry Stenchikov,N. Stuber,Toshihiko Takemura,Christiane Textor,R. Wang,Ray F. Weiss,T. Whorf +50 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity
Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Will Steffen,Will Steffen,Kevin J. Noone,Åsa Persson,Åsa Persson,F. Stuart Chapin,Eric F. Lambin,Timothy M. Lenton,Marten Scheffer,Carl Folke,Carl Folke,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Hans Joachim Schellnhuber,Björn Nykvist,Björn Nykvist,Cynthia A. de Wit,Terry P. Hughes,Sander van der Leeuw,Henning Rodhe,Sverker Sörlin,Sverker Sörlin,Peter K. Snyder,Robert Costanza,Robert Costanza,Uno Svedin,Malin Falkenmark,Malin Falkenmark,Louise Karlberg,Louise Karlberg,Robert W. Corell,Victoria J. Fabry,James Hansen,Brian Walker,Brian Walker,Diana Liverman,Katherine Richardson,Paul J. Crutzen,Jonathan A. Foley +39 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new approach to global sustainability in which they define planetary boundaries within which they expect that humanity can operate safely. But the proposed concept of "planetary boundaries" lays the groundwork for shifting our approach to governance and management, away from the essentially sectoral analyses of limits to growth aimed at minimizing negative externalities, toward the estimation of the safe space for human development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review
Maria Kanakidou,John H. Seinfeld,Spyros N. Pandis,Ian Barnes,Frank Dentener,Maria Cristina Facchini,R. Van Dingenen,Barbara Ervens,Athanasios Nenes,Claus J. Nielsen,Erik Swietlicki,J. P. Putaud,Yves Balkanski,Sandro Fuzzi,J. Horth,Geert K. Moortgat,R. Winterhalter,Cathrine Lund Myhre,Kostas Tsigaridis,Elisabetta Vignati,Euripides G. Stephanou,J. Wilson +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed existing knowledge with regard to organic aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defined critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties, and synthesized the information to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products and Validation
Lorraine A. Remer,Yoram J. Kaufman,Didier Tanré,Shana Mattoo,D. A. Chu,J. V. Martins,Rong-Rong Li,Charles Ichoku,Robert C. Levy,Richard G. Kleidman,Thomas F. Eck,Eric Vermote,Brent N. Holben +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral optical thickness and effective radius of the aerosol over the ocean were validated by comparison with two years of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomass Burning in the Tropics: Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycles
TL;DR: Widespread burning of biomass serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses, but it may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen.