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Journal ArticleDOI

The interaction between detectable plasma viral load and increased body mass index on hypertension among persons living with HIV.

01 Jul 2020-Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\/hiv (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 32, Iss: 7, pp 890-895
TL;DR: The interaction effects of increased BMI and detectable pVL on hypertension on both multiplicative and additive scales suggested that PLWH with increased weight and detectable plasma viral load should be intensively managed and monitored for hypertension prevention and treatment.
Abstract: Increased body mass index (BMI) and HIV are each associated with hypertension. This study tested interactions between BMI and detectable plasma viral load (pVL) on hypertension among 659 persons li...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The procedures of the Florida Cohort are described; information regarding enrollment, follow-up, and findings to date are summarized; and challenges and lessons learned during the establishment of a multisite cohort of PLWH are discussed.
Abstract: In 2013, Florida had the highest rate of new HIV infections and only 56% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) were virally suppressed. In response, we initiated a new HIV cohort in Florida to better u...

15 citations


Cites background from "The interaction between detectable ..."

  • ...…the papers have focused on various outcomes among PLWH, including chronic disease (e.g., hypertension, cancer screening) (Wijayabahu et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019), substance use (e.g., Alcohol-related problems, drug use) (Mannes et al., 2019; Mannes, Ferguson, et al., 2018; Sharpe et al.,…...

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  • ...cancer screening) (Wijayabahu et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019), substance use (e....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigating the relationship between HIV viral load and hypertension using viremia copy-years (VCY), a cumulative measure of HIV plasma viral burden, supports the significance of continuous viral suppression in hypertension prevention among PLWH.
Abstract: Background Evidence regarding the association between HIV viral load (VL) and hypertension is inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship using viremia copy-years (VCY), a cumulative measure of HIV plasma viral burden. Methods Data were analyzed for 686 PLWH in the Florida Cohort Study, who had at least five years of VL data before the baseline. VL data were extracted from Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) and used to define peak VL (pVL), recent VL (rVL), and undetectable VL (uVL: rVL 5.7) for analysis. Hypertension was determined based on hypertension diagnosis from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used for association analysis. Results Of the total sample, 277 (40.4%) participants were hypertensive. Compared to the participants with lowest VCY (≤2.7 log10 copy × years/mL), the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval [95% CI] for hypertension of the remaining four groups, in order, were 1.91 [1.11, 3.29], 1.91 [1.03, 3.53], 2.27 [1.29, 3.99], and 1.25 [0.65, 2.42], respectively, controlling for confounders. The association was independent of pVL, rVL, and uVL, each of which was not significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion Persistent HIV infection is a risk factor for hypertension among PLWH. Information provided by VCY is more effective than single time-point VL measures in investigating HIV infection- hypertension relationship. The findings of this study support the significance of continuous viral suppression in hypertension prevention among PLWH.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that both general and abdominal obesity especially in the persistent status increase the hypertension risk in treated PLWH.
Abstract: Hypertension is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to characterize the hypertension incidence among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy, focusing on the effect of change in ...

5 citations


Cites background from "The interaction between detectable ..."

  • ...…plays an important role on the progression from normal blood pressure to hypertension among PLWH (Chepchirchir et al., 2018; Okello et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2019), our data showed that general obesity at baseline was a stronger predictor for incident hypertension regardless of status at the…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: HIV infeksiyonunun, geleneksel osteoporoz risk faktörlerinin ve tedavide kullanılan antiretroviral tedavi başlanan HIV ile infekte hastalarda KMD'de azalmaya neden olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Abstract: Osteopeni, osteoporoz ve osteonekroz “human immunodeficiency virus” (HIV) ile infekte kişilerde sık görülmekte olan hastalıklardır. Antiretroviral tedavi başlanan HIV ile infekte hastalarda, ilk 2 yıl içinde %2-6 oranında kemik mineral dansitesi (KMD)’nde azalma görülmektedir. HIV infeksiyonunun, geleneksel osteoporoz risk faktörlerinin ve tedavide kullanılan antiretrovirallerin KMD'de azalmaya neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Son çalışmalarda fraktür riskinin de HIV ile infekte bireylerde arttığı gösterilmiştir. Günümüzde tüm HIV-pozitif post-menopozal kadınların ve 50 yaş üstü erkeklerin frajilite kırıklarına yönelik olarak taranması önerilmektedir. Bu yazıda HIV ile infekte bireylerde osteopeniye yönelik tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları irdelenmiştir. Klimik Dergisi 2012; 25(2): 51-7.

4 citations

30 Oct 2009
TL;DR: Obese versus normal weight patients had smaller increases in CD4 cell counts during the HAART era, and lower CD4 Cell counts may now be another adverse consequence of obesity.
Abstract: To assess the effect of obesity on CD4 cell counts, we estimated the association of time-updated BMI categories with CD4 changes among 1001 documented HIV seroconverters. During the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, a higher BMI was associated with less reduction in CD4 cell counts over time. However during the HAART era, obese versus normal weight patients had smaller increases in CD4 cell counts (+69 versus +116 cells, P = 0.01). Lower CD4 cell counts may now be another adverse consequence of obesity.

4 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
28 Mar 1986-JAMA
TL;DR: This annual publication for the US Department of Health and Human Services entitled Health: United States is a report to Congress on the health status of the nation and has dropped the essays on selected topics by experts within the government.
Abstract: This annual publication for the US Department of Health and Human Services entitled Health: United States is a report to Congress on the health status of the nation The current volume, for 1984, has dropped the essays on selected topics by experts within the government In exchange, there has been an extension of the statistical material Over the years, these surveys were interesting and valuable Material emerged in them, with appropriate commentary, that was not otherwise readily available It is to be hoped that they will be continued elsewhereThe 1984 report opens with a series of about 50 short paragraphs labeled "Highlights" Each contains some snappy facts: from the life table—life expectancy has reached a new high of 747 years, and is still 168 years at age 65; from general vital statistics— the fertility rate is stable; and from data on health care utilization and resources—15% of people over

2,373 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Global hypertension disparities are large and increasing and collaborative efforts are urgently needed to combat the emerging hypertension burden in low- and middle-income countries.
Abstract: Background:Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of premature death worldwide. We examined global disparities of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 2010 and compa...

2,062 citations


"The interaction between detectable ..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...It is worth mentioning that the proportion of hypertension observed in our sample was higher than that for the general population (CDC, 2017; Mills et al., 2016) and PLWH subpopulations from other studies (Antonello et al., 2015; De Socio et al., 2014; MiguezBurbano et al., 2014; Myerson et al.,…...

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  • ...for the general population (CDC, 2017; Mills et al., 2016) and PLWH subpopulations from other studies (Antonello et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article describes how a logistic regression model or a Cox regression model can be defined in order to produce the output that is needed for assessment of biological interaction and shows how common software can be programmed to deliver this output.
Abstract: An editorial in this issue explains that the degree of biological interaction between risk factors is measured as the deviation from additivity by the corresponding disease rates and not for example as deviation from multiplicativity. It is the purpose of this article to describe how a logistic regression model, or a Cox regression model, can be defined in order to produce the output that is needed for assessment of biological interaction. We will also demonstrate how common software can be programmed to deliver this output. Finally, we show how this output can be used as input in an Excel sheet that is set up to calculate the measures of biological interaction to be used for the assessment.

1,144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How the bias in the complete-case analysis arises and how IPW can remove it is described and why, despite MI generally being more efficient, IPW may sometimes be preferred is explained.
Abstract: The simplest approach to dealing with missing data is to restrict the analysis to complete cases, i.e. individuals with no missing values. This can induce bias, however. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is a commonly used method to correct this bias. It is also used to adjust for unequal sampling fractions in sample surveys. This article is a review of the use of IPW in epidemiological research. We describe how the bias in the complete-case analysis arises and how IPW can remove it. IPW is compared with multiple imputation (MI) and we explain why, despite MI generally being more efficient, IPW may sometimes be preferred. We discuss the choice of missingness model and methods such as weight truncation, weight stabilisation and augmented IPW. The use of IPW is illustrated on data from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.

1,142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preventive factors should not be used to calculate measures of interaction on an additive scale without recoding, and recoding of preventive factors should be done such that the stratum with the lowest risk becomes the reference category when both factors are considered jointly.
Abstract: Measures of interaction on an additive scale (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI], attributable proportion [AP], synergy index [S]), were developed for risk factors rather than preventive factors. It has been suggested that preventive factors should be recoded to risk factors before calculating these measures. We aimed to show that these measures are problematic with preventive factors prior to recoding, and to clarify the recoding method to be used to circumvent these problems. Recoding of preventive factors should be done such that the stratum with the lowest risk becomes the reference category when both factors are considered jointly (rather than one at a time). We used data from a case-control study on the interaction between ACE inhibitors and the ACE gene on incident diabetes. Use of ACE inhibitors was a preventive factor and DD ACE genotype was a risk factor. Before recoding, the RERI, AP and S showed inconsistent results (RERI = 0.26 [95%CI: −0.30; 0.82], AP = 0.30 [95%CI: −0.28; 0.88], S = 0.35 [95%CI: 0.02; 7.38]), with the first two measures suggesting positive interaction and the third negative interaction. After recoding the use of ACE inhibitors, they showed consistent results (RERI = −0.37 [95%CI: −1.23; 0.49], AP = −0.29 [95%CI: −0.98; 0.40], S = 0.43 [95%CI: 0.07; 2.60]), all indicating negative interaction. Preventive factors should not be used to calculate measures of interaction on an additive scale without recoding.

432 citations


"The interaction between detectable ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...…was evaluated using three key measures: Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI), Attributable Proportion (AP) and Synergy index (S) (Andersson, Alfredsson, Kallberg, Zdravkovic, & Ahlbom, 2005; Kalilani & Atashili, 2006; Knol et al., 2011; Lou et al., 2018; Olofindayo et al., 2015)....

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